Explanation

Know about NATO

NATO full form: North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Founded: 4 April, 1949 (Washington, USA)

Headquarters: Brussels, Belgium

Total members: 31 (29 European & 2 North American countries)

Latest Member: Finland

Type: Military Alliance

Official Languages: English & French

Founding members: 12

Macedonia joined NATO: 27, March 2020

Pakistan: Not a NATO member

Member Muslim country: Turkiye  

On 4 April 2023, Finland became 31st member on 74th anniversary of NATO.

List of NATO member countries

1.       Albania

2.       Belgium

3.       Bulgaria

4.       Canada

5.       Croatia

6.       Czechia

7.       Denmark

8.       Estonia

9.       France

10.   Germany

11.   Greece

12.   Hungary

13.   Iceland

14.   Italy

15.   Latvia

16.   Lithuania

17.   Luxembourg

18.   Montenegro

19.   Netherlands

20.   North Macedonia

21.   Norway

22.   Poland

23.   Portugal

24.   Romania

25.   Slovakia

26.   Slovenia

27.   Spain

28.   Turkiye

29.   United Kingdom

30.   United States

31.   Finland

Explanation

Explanation

The United States officially withdrew on 22 November 2020.

Russia also announced its intentions to exit the treaty on January 15, 2021.

Russia formally withdrew in June 2021.

Explanation

The Congress of Vienna of 1814–1815 was a series of international diplomatic meetings

The Congress of Vienna began in September 1814, five months after Napoleon I’s first abdication

The Congress of Vienna completed its “Final Act” in June 1815, shortly before the Waterloo campaign and the final defeat of Napoleon.

Participants:

1. Austria
2. France
3. Portugal
4. Prussia
5. Russia
6. Spain
7. Sweden
8. United Kingdom 

ND07-3-2023

Explanation

AUKUS: a trilateral security pact between Australia, UK & USA, announced on 15 September 2021 for the Indo-Pacific region.

Under the pact, the US and the UK will help Australia to acquire nuclear-powered submarines.

France was angry after AUKUS signed, pulling out a major contract with France in the process.

Explanation

On  March 24, 1992, the Open Skies Treaty was signed in Finland by the then U.S. Secretary of State James Baker and foreign ministers from 23 other countries. 

Explanation

Location: Paris, France

Drafted: 30 November – 12 December 2015

 Treaty on climate change. Paris Peace Treaty-1947: Agreement that ended WW-2 in 1945.

Explanation

 Israel and Egypt plan to boost gas exports to Europe under an agreement signed during on 15 June 2022

Explanation

On 21 November 2022, Qatar a 27-year natural gas supply deal with China, calling it the `longest` ever seen as it strengthened ties with Asia.

Explanation

On 31 October 2022, the United Nations, Turkiye and Ukraine agreed to implement a Black Sea grain deal despite Russian withdrawal from the pact. 

Black Sea grain initiate was launched by Russia, Turkiye, Ukraine and the United Nations on 22 July 2022.