Explanation

• When two countries overcome differences and cooperate, they reach a mutual agreement.
• It means an understanding beneficial to both parties.
• Example: Trade deals, peace treaties, environmental accords.

Last verified on 15-02-2026

Explanation

The “New START Treaty” was a nuclear arms reduction treaty between the United States and the Russia for the Further Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms.

This treaty entered into force on 5 February 2011.

Additional Information:

“New START” stands for New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty

On 5 February 2026, the New START treaty officially expired.

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Explanation

The Treaty of Lausanne was signed on July 24, 1923.

It defined the borders of the modern Turkish state.

It replacing the Treaty of Sèvres.

Explanation

The Kyoto Protocol was an international treaty that talked about Pollution

Signed in Kyoto, Japan on December 1997

Explanation

• Signed On: 28 June 1919
• Parties Involved: Allied Powers vs Germany
• Purpose: To establish peace and codify terms after World War I
• Key Fact: Primary treaty from the Paris Peace Conference
• Region Affected: Europe

• Imposed war guilt on Germany (Article 231)
• Enforced reparations and military restrictions on Germany
• Laid foundations that later influenced World War II

Last Verified on 13-01-2026

Explanation

• Date: August 10, 1920
• Location: Sèvres, France
• Signatories: The Allied Powers and the Ottoman Empire
• Purpose: To partition the Ottoman Empire after World War I

The treaty ceded large parts of Ottoman territory to:

• France
• the United Kingdom
• Greece and Italy

The 1923 Treaty of Lausanne, which superseded the Treaty of Sèvres

Explanation

In 2025, A U.S.-brokered peace agreement was reached between Armenia and Azerbaijan, focusing on ending decades of conflict, normalizing ties, and establishing a strategic transit corridor.

This deal was facilitated by President Donald Trump at the White House

Additional Information:

This agreement signed by Armenian PM Nikol Pashinyan and Azerbaijani President Ilham Aliyev

The agreement aims to resolve the long-standing conflict of Nagorno-Karabakh.

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Explanation

• Montreal Protocol is an international treaty designed to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of numerous substances that are responsible for ozone depletion.
• Entered into force on 1 January 1989

Explanation

NPT stands for Non-Proliferation Treaty

NPT signed: 1968

not a member of the NPT:

• India,
• Israel,
• North Korea,
• Pakistan 
•  South Sudan 

members of the five NPT nuclear-weapon states:

• China
• France
  
• Russia
• the United Kingdom

Languages:

• English
• Russian
  
• French
• Spanish
• Chinese

Parties: 190 (complete list)

Iran threatened to withdraw from the Treaty on the NPT 

Explanation

AUKUS, is a trilateral security pact between Australia, the United Kingdom and the United States, announced on 15 September 2021 for the Indo-Pacific region.

Under the pact, the US and the UK will help Australia to acquire nuclear-powered submarines.