Explanation

• The Paris Agreement (2015) is an international treaty on climate change.
• Adopted: 12 December 2015
• Effective Date: 4 November 2016
• Adopted at: Paris, France (COP21)
• Framework: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC)
• Members/Parties: About 195 Parties (194 countries + the European Union)

Last verified on 08-07-2026

Explanation

• The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest ocean on Earth.
• It covers about 30% of the Earth's surface.
• It contains 97% of the Earth's water.
• The Mariana Trench, the deepest part of the ocean.
• It is located in the Pacific.
• The Arctic Ocean is connected to the Pacific Ocean via the Bering Strait.

Additional information:

• Oceans cover 71% of the Earth's surface.
• The Indian Ocean is the warmest, with the Persian Gulf being the hottest area.
• The Diamantina Trench is the deepest point in the Indian Ocean.
• Jordan does not have an ocean.
• The Arctic Ocean is the Smallest Ocean of the world.

Last verified on 27-05-2026

Explanation

• UNO Founded: 24 October 1945 (after World War II 1939–1945)

Additional information:

• UNO Stands for: United Nations Organization
• Headquarters: Manhattan, New York City
• Member States: 193 countries
• Official Languages (6): Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, Spanish
• Motto: “It’s your world!” (commonly used awareness slogan)
• Pakistan Joined UNO: 30 September 1947

Last verified on 10-06-2026

Explanation

• Headquarters: Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
• OIC stands for Organization of Islamic Cooperation.
• Foundation Date: 25 September 1969
• Official Languages: Arabic, English, French
• Total Members: 57 countries
• First Summit: Rabat, Morocco
• Significance: Largest international organization after the UN.

Last verified on 10-05-2026

Explanation

• Charles Babbage is known as the Father of the Computer.
• He designed the more advanced Analytical Engine, which featured a "Mill" (CPU) and a "Store" (memory).

Additional information:

• He was an English polymath.
• Born: 26 December 1791 London, England
• Died: 18 October 1871 (aged 79) London, England

Last updated by NA on 06-11-2026

Explanation

• Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science that develops machines capable of performing tasks that normally require human intelligence.
• These tasks include learning, reasoning, problem-solving, decision-making, and understanding language.
• Machine Learning and Deep Learning are important subfields of AI.

Last verified on 14-11-2026

Explanation

• - Currency: Turkish Lira (TRY)
• - Current Currency: Second Turkish Lira
• - Introduced: January 1, 2005
• - Replaced: First Turkish Lira
• - First Turkish Lira: Replaced the Ottoman Lira in 1923.

Additional information

• - National Flag: Red with a white crescent and star.
• - Capital: Ankara.
• - Official Language: Turkish.
• - Majority Religion: Islam.
• - Parliament: Grand National Assembly of Türkiye (Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi).
• - Traditional National Sport: Oil wrestling (Yağlı Güreş).

 Last updated on 12 NOV 2026

Explanation

• Contour lines on a map connect points that have the same elevation (height) above sea level.

Additional information:

• Isotherms: Connect points of equal temperature.
• Isohyets: Connect points of equal rainfall.
• Isobars: Connect points of equal atmospheric pressure.
• Isobaths: Connect points of equal water depth.

Last verified on 15-10-2026

Explanation

• GIS stands for Geographic Information System.
• It is a system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present geographic data.
• It is commonly used in urban planning, environmental science, and navigation.

Last verified on 12-11-2026

Explanation

• Halford Mackinder presented the Heartland Theory in 1904.
• He considered the interior of Eurasia strategically important.
• His theory connected control of the Heartland with wider global political power.

Last verified on 12-11-2026