Explanation

• Nagorno-Karabakh is a mountainous region internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan, historically inhabited mainly by ethnic Armenians.
• The conflict intensified during the late Soviet period, particularly in the late 1980s, and led to wars between Armenia and Azerbaijan.
• Azerbaijan regained control of the region in 2023 after a military operation, and almost the entire ethnic Armenian population fled to Armenia.

Last verified on 29-10-2026

Explanation

• Coldest continent: Antarctica
• Coldest place recorded: Vostok Station, Antarctica
• Lowest recorded temperature: −89.2°C (21 July 1983)

The coldest place on Earth is:

1) Eastern Antarctic Plateau, Antarctica (-94°C)

2) Vostok Station, Antarctica (-89.2°C) 

3) Amundsen-Scott Station, Antarctica (-82.8°C)

4) Denali, Alaska, United States of America (-73°C)

5) Klinck station, Greenland (-69.6°C) 

6) Oymyakon, Siberia, Russia (-67.7°C)

• The coldest capital city in the world IS Ulaanbaatar
• The coldest region in the atmosphere is the mesosphere

Last updated: 27 OCT 2026 

Explanation

- Date: 8 March every year

- Purpose: To celebrate women’s achievements and promote gender equality.

- First observance: 1911

- Observed worldwide: Every year on 8 March

- 2026 Theme: Rights. Justice. Action. For ALL Women and Girls.

Last updated: 27 OCT 2026 

Explanation

• Al Jazeera Media Network (AJMN) is a Qatari news media organization
• Headquarters: Doha, Qatar.
• Founded: 1 November 1996.
• Founder: Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani
• Type: International news network.
• Language: Arabic and English, among other languages.

Last updated on 26 OCT 2026

Explanation

FATF (Financial Action Task Force):

• Headquarters: Paris, France
• Purpose: To combat money laundering and terrorism financing / Financial regulations and anti-money laundering
• Official Languages: English & French
• Full Member Countries: 37
• Full Member Organizations: 2
• Total Members: 39

Last verified on 10-03-2026

Explanation

• COP (Conference of Parties) is the main decision-making meeting under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).
• It brings together countries to discuss global climate action and reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
• The first COP was held in 1995 in Berlin, Germany.
• UNFCCC was formed in 1992 Earth Summit (Rio de Janeiro).

Last verified on 23-10-2026

Explanation

• Full Form: Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)
• Founded: 15 June 2001
• Headquarters: Beijing, China
• Founder Members (2001): China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan
• Purpose: Regional security, economic cooperation, counter-terrorism, and cultural cooperation

Additional information:

Current SCO Member States (10):

1. China
2. Russia
3. Kazakhstan
4. Kyrgyzstan
5. Tajikistan
6. Uzbekistan
7. India (Joined: 9 June 2017)
8. Pakistan (Joined: 9 June 2017)
9. Iran (Joined: 4 July 2023)
10. Belarus (Joined: 4 July 2024)

Verified & Updated

Explanation

• Rank: 3rd largest desert in the world
• Type: Hot desert
• Location: North Africa
• Area: ~9.2 million sq. km
• Special Feature: Largest hot desert in the world
• It covers 11 countries.

Additional information:

• 1st: Antarctic Desert (~14.2 million sq. km)
• 2nd: Arctic Desert (~13.9 million sq. km)
• 3rd: Sahara Desert (~9.2 million sq. km)

Last verified on 16-05-2026

Explanation

• Diego Garcia is an island in the Indian Ocean.
• It is the part of the Chagos Archipelago.
• It is the largest island of the Chagos Archipelago.
• It is located south of the Maldives.
• It has been part of the British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT), a British overseas territory.
• Diego Garcia hosts a strategically important joint UK–US military facility.

Last verified on 22-10-2026

Explanation

• Mark Rutte became the 14th Secretary General of NATO on 1 October 2024.
• He has also served as the prime minister of Netherlands.
• He replaced Jens Stoltenberg.

 Last verified on 22-10-2026