Explanation

• Lysosome is the cell organelle found in animal cells that helps in intracellular digestion.
• It contains digestive enzymes and acids that break down cellular waste and foreign substances.

Explanation

The correct order is: Ribosomes → RER → Golgi body → Lysosome.

• Ribosomes: Protein synthesis occurs here, and the newly synthesized protein is released into the cytosol.
• RER (Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum): The protein is transported to the RER, where it is processed and modified (e.g., folding, glycosylation).
• Golgi body: The protein is packaged into vesicles and transported to the Golgi body, where it is further modified and sorted.
• Lysosome: The protein is delivered to lysosomes, where it can be used for various cellular processes (e.g., digestion, recycling).

Explanation

• The odd one out is Active transport.
• Active transport requires energy (ATP) to move substances against their concentration gradient.
• Whereas diffusion, facilitated diffusion and osmosis are passive processes.

Explanation

The secondary cell wall, found in plant cells, is primarily composed of:

• Cellulose (a polysaccharide, the main component of plant cell walls)
• Lignin (a complex organic compound that provides strength and rigidity)

Explanation

All three processes allow movement in and out of cells:

• Osmosis: Movement of water molecules from high concentration to low concentration through a selectively permeable membrane.
• Diffusion: Random movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration until equilibrium is reached.
• Active transport: Movement of molecules from low concentration to high concentration using energy (ATP) to pump molecules across the cell membrane.

Explanation

• The correct statement about the fluid mosaic model of membrane structure is: The more unsaturated the fatty acid, the more fluid nature.
• Unsaturated fatty acids have kinks in their tails that prevent the lipids from packing tightly together, thus increasing membrane fluidity.

Explanation

• The rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is responsible for synthesizing proteins, which are then transported to other parts of the cell or secreted outside.
• The RER has ribosomes attached to its surface, where protein synthesis occurs.

Explanation

• The high resolution of the electron microscope is primarily due to the short wavelength of the electron beam.
• This shorter wavelength allows for higher resolution and the ability to visualize smaller structures.

Explanation

Biodiversity is impacted by various human activities, including:

• Pollution: Chemical pollutants can alter ecosystems, affecting species development, growth, and survival.
• Deforestation: Habitat destruction and fragmentation lead to population decline, isolation, and extinction.
• Overhunting: Overexploitation of species for food, trophies, or other purposes can deplete populations and drive extinctions.

Explanation

• Fungi have cell walls made of chitin and are all heterotrophic, obtaining nutrients by decomposing organic matter or forming symbiotic relationships.
• This distinguishes them from other kingdoms, making Fungi unique in their combination of cell walls and heterotrophy.