Explanation

Biogeography is the study of the distribution of living organisms across different regions of the world.

Including the factors that influence their distribution.

Such as geography, climate, geology, and evolutionary history.

Explanation

Genetic engineering is also known as genetic modification or biotechnology.

It is the process of altering an organism's genes to produce a desired trait or characteristic.

This can involve the transfer of genes from one organism to another, or the alteration of existing genes within an organism.

Explanation

Linear thermal expansion of a solid depends on:

• Increase in temperature
• Original length
• Properties of the material

Explanation

Evaporation occurs when molecules on a liquid's surface gain enough energy to escape into the air, and this can happen at any temperature, not just at boiling point.

It's a slow process at lower temperatures, but faster at higher temperatures.

Explanation

Latent heat of vaporization is the energy required to change a liquid into a gas (or vice versa) without changing its temperature.

Latent heat of fusion is the energy required to change a solid into a liquid (or vice versa) without changing its temperature.

Explanation

Latent heat of fusion is the energy required to change a solid into a liquid (or vice versa) without changing its temperature. 

Latent heat of vaporization is the energy required to change a liquid into a gas (or vice versa) without changing its temperature.

Explanation

The boiling point is the temperature at which a pure liquid changes state from liquid to gas at standard atmospheric pressure.

Key Points:

• The melting point is the temperature at which a solid changes state to a liquid.
• The freezing point is the temperature at which a liquid changes state to a solid.

Explanation

Specific heat capacity is the thermal energy transfer required per unit mass to increase the temperature of a substance by 1°C (or 1 K).

It is a measure of how much heat energy a substance can absorb or release per unit mass per unit temperature change.

Explanation

Heat of vaporization is the amount of heat energy required to convert a substance from its liquid state to its gaseous state, without changing its temperature.

This energy is used to break the intermolecular forces between the molecules, allowing them to escape into the gas phase.

Explanation

Heat capacity is the amount of heat energy required to change the temperature of a substance by a given amount.

It is calculated as the product of the mass of the substance and its specific heat capacity:

Heat Capacity = mass x specific heat capacity