Explanation

Al-Ghazali (d. 1111 CE) developed the theory of Acquired Knowledge (ilm al-muktasab), which posits that knowledge is acquired through reason, experience, and reflection, in addition to revelation and scripture.

He emphasized the importance of intellectual inquiry and critical thinking in understanding the nature of reality and the divine.

Explanation

Al-Shafi'i (d. 820 CE) was a renowned Islamic scholar and jurist.

He is known for his work on the principles of Islamic jurisprudence, particularly in his book "Al-Risala" (The Treatise).

Al-Shafi'i's contributions to Islamic jurisprudence include:

• Developing the concept of "usul al-fiqh" (principles of jurisprudence)
• Establishing the importance of "ijma" (consensus) and "qiyas" (analogical reasoning) in legal decision-making
• Clarifying the role of "hadith" (Prophetic traditions) in shaping Islamic law

Explanation

The Chishti Order is a Sufi order that emphasizes the importance of love and devotion to Allah.

It was founded by Abu Ishaq Shami Chishti (d. 941 CE).

He is known for its emphasis on spiritual purification, self-discipline, and love for the Divine.

Explanation

Ibn Sina (980-1037 CE) was a renowned Islamic philosopher and scholar who developed the theory of "Essential vs Accidental Existence".

This theory posits that existence can be categorized into two types:

• Essential existence (wujud bi-dhatihi): This refers to the necessary existence of God, which is inherent and self-sustaining.
• Accidental existence (wujud bi-ghayrihi): This refers to the contingent existence of created beings, which is dependent on God's will and sustenance.

Explanation

Imam Tirmizi (824-892 CE) was a renowned Islamic scholar and collector of hadith (Prophetic traditions).

He compiled a hadith collection known as Jami' al-Tirmizi.

It is considered one of the six most authentic hadith collections in Islam.

Imam Tirmizi's work is ranked fifth in the history of hadith collection, after:

1. Imam Bukhari (810-870 CE)
2. Imam Muslim (817-875 CE)
3. Imam Abu Dawud (817-889 CE)
4. Imam Nasa'i (823-915 CE)

So, Imam Tirmizi's collection is ranked fifth in the order of authenticity and preference.

Explanation

Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz, commonly known as Umar II, was the eighth Umayyad caliph

Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz called the first Mujaddid

and sixth righteous caliph of Islam after Hasan Ibn Ali

Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz was Born 2 November 682 in Medina, Umayyad Caliphate

Died 5 February 720 (aged 37)

Hazrat Umar conquered Bait Ul Maqdas in 16 A.H.

Explanation

Imam Bukhari (810-870 CE) was a renowned Islamic scholar and compiler of the hadith collection "Sahih al-Bukhari".

Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal (780-855 CE) was a prominent Islamic scholar and founder of the Hanbali school of thought.

Imam Bukhari was a student of Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal.

He attended Imam Hanbal's lectures and learned from him.

Imam Bukhari is said to have greatly respected Imam Hanbal and considered him as one of his teachers.

Explanation

Mujadid Alif Sani is the title of Sheikh Ahmad Sirhindi, an Indian Islamic scholar, Hanafi jurist, and member of the Naqshbandī Sufi order.

He is known for countering unorthodox Sufism and mystic beliefs, with notable works including Isbat-ul-Nabat and Risal-i-Nabuwat.

Explanation

Explanation

The author of "Al-Adab al-Mufrad" is Imam Bukhari.