Explanation

• The conqueror of Spain was Tariq ibn Ziyad.
• He led the Muslim army in 711 AD and began the conquest of the Iberian Peninsula.
• He defeated the Visigothic ruler King Roderic at the Battle of Guadalete.
• His landing place is famously known as Jabal al-Tariq (Gibraltar).

Last verified on 25-04-2026

Explanation

• Jabir ibn Hayyan, known as the "father of chemistry."
• He was an Arab Chemist.
• Composition of Alchemy was written by Jabir Bin Hayyan.

Notable ideas:

• Use of organic substances in chemistry
• Sulfur-mercury theory of metals
• Science of the balance
• Science of artificial generation

Last verified on 07-02-2026

Explanation

• Polio Vaccines: Developed to prevent poliomyelitis, a viral disease causing paralysis.
• Jonas Salk (US, 1950s): Created the first inactivated (killed) polio vaccine; tested on himself and family in 1953; officially used in 1955.
• Albert Sabin (1961): Developed the live attenuated (weakened) oral polio vaccine.
• Recent Campaigns: Israel launched a polio vaccine drive in April 2022 after 1988 efforts.

Last verified on 03-04-2026

Explanation

• Isaac Newton (1642–1727) was an English physicist and mathematician.
• He formulated the laws of motion and law of universal gravitation.
• His work laid the foundation for classical mechanics.

Last verified on 02-04-2026

Explanation

Lionel Lukin was a British carriage builder and inventor of the lifeboat in 1785.

Henry Greathead, the first purpose-built, operational lifeboat, named Original, in 1790

Explanation

• John Logie Baird, a Scottish engineer, is credited with inventing the first working television system.
• He successfully demonstrated the mechanical television on 26 January 1926 in London.

Last verified on 13-03-2026

Explanation

• Albert Einstein received the Nobel Prize for his discovery of the Law of the photoelectric effect
• The 1921 prize was actually awarded in 1922.

Explanation

The Nobel Prize for the discovery of the electron was awarded to J. J. Thomson in 1906.

He received the Nobel Prize in Physics for his investigations into the conduction of electricity in gases, which led to the discovery of the electron in 1897.

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Explanation

Explanation

The basic structure of a computer was developed by John von Neumann in 1945. 

It is known as the von Neumann architecture or von Neumann model,

He was the Hungarian-American mathematician and physicist 

Last updated 15-feb-2026