Explanation

• Edward Jenner was an English physician and scientist.
• He discovered the first vaccine for smallpox in 1796.
• He observed that milkmaids infected with cowpox were protected from smallpox.
• This led to the development of vaccination (cowpox-based immunity method).
• He is known as the Father of Immunology.

Last verified on 02-05-2026

Explanation

• Jabir ibn Hayyan, known as the "father of chemistry."
• He was an Arab Chemist.
• Composition of Alchemy was written by Jabir Bin Hayyan.

Notable ideas:

• Use of organic substances in chemistry
• Sulfur-mercury theory of metals
• Science of the balance
• Science of artificial generation

Last verified on 07-02-2026

Explanation

• Polio Vaccines: Developed to prevent poliomyelitis, a viral disease causing paralysis.
• Jonas Salk (US, 1950s): Created the first inactivated (killed) polio vaccine; tested on himself and family in 1953; officially used in 1955.
• Albert Sabin (1961): Developed the live attenuated (weakened) oral polio vaccine.
• Recent Campaigns: Israel launched a polio vaccine drive in April 2022 after 1988 efforts.

Last verified on 03-04-2026

Explanation

• Isaac Newton (1642–1727) was an English physicist and mathematician.
• He formulated the laws of motion and law of universal gravitation.
• His work laid the foundation for classical mechanics.

Last verified on 02-04-2026

Explanation

• Alexander Graham Bell is credited as the inventor of the telephone.
• He was awarded the first successful patent for it.
• The telephone was invented in 1876.
• Bell made the first-ever telephone call to his assistant Thomas Watson.

Last verified on 31-03-2026

Explanation

Samuel Hahnemann

• Birth: 1755
• Death: 1843
• Country: Germany
• Principle: “Similia similibus curentur” (like cures like)
• Famous work: Organon of Medicine

Last verified on 30-03-2026

Explanation

• Albert Einstein received the Nobel Prize for his discovery of the Law of the photoelectric effect
• The 1921 prize was actually awarded in 1922.

Explanation

• The telescope was first used for astronomical observations in the early 17th century.
• Galileo Galilei first used an improved telescope in 1609 to observe planets like Jupiter, Saturn, and Venus.
• He discovered four large moons of Jupiter (Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto).

Last verified on 11-03-2026

Explanation

• A Telescope is an optical instrument used to observe distant objects such as stars, planets, and galaxies.
• It collects and magnifies light or other forms of electromagnetic radiation.
• The term “telescope” was coined in 1611 by the Greek mathematician Giovanni Demisiani.

Last verified on 10-03-2026

Explanation

• The atmospheric pressure at any place is measured by a Barometer.
• The barometer was invented by Evangelista in 1644.

Last verified on 10-03-2026