Explanation

John McCarthy is recognized as the father of Artificial Intelligence due to his astounding contribution in the field of Computer Science.

John McCarthy was an American computer scientist

Note: Artificial Intelligence is a branch of Computer science, which aims to create intelligent machines so that machine can think intelligently in the same manner as a human does.

Explanation

Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Flaming In 1928

Penicillin was the first true antibiotic

The first patient Albert Alexander, a 43-year-old policeman, was treated with penicillin on 12 February 1941

Alexander Flaming determined that penicillin had an antibacterial effect and published his findings in 1929 

Explanation

J.J. Thomson discovered the electron in 1897 through his experiments with cathode rays.

The proton was discovered by Ernest Rutherford.

The neutron was discovered by James Chadwick.

Explanation

The atomic number was discovered by Henry Moseley in 1910.

Henry Moseley was an English physicist.

Explanation

Calculating the radius of the earth over a thousand years ago required a lot of imagination.

The 10th-century Persian mathematician Abu Rayhan al-Biruni used simple trigonometric results to estimate the radius and circumference of the Earth

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Explanation

Radioactivity was discovered by Henri Becquerel in 1896.

They discovered radioactivity proving that the uranium emitted radiation without an external source of energy such as the Sun

Marie Curie with her husband Pierre Curie, coined the term radioactivity.

In 1903, Henry Becquerel shared the Nobel Prize for Physics with Pierre and Marie Curie

Ernest Rutherford did many experiments studying the properties of radioactive decay (alpha, beta, and gamma)

Explanation

Thomas Alva Edison was an American inventor.

He developed many devices: 

• Electric power generation 
•  Mass communication
•  Sound recording
• Motion pictures.

Explanation

Jabir Ibn Hayyan (721–815 CE) was a pioneering Muslim scientist known as the father of early chemistry and a contributor to biological sciences.

Explanation

Alexander Graham Bell is often credited with being the inventor of the telephone since he was awarded the first successful patent. 

Telephone was invented in 1876.

Graham Bell made the first-ever telephone call to his partner, Thomas Watson.

Explanation

Santorio Santorio, an Italian physician, invented the first thermoscope (early form of thermometer) around 1612.

He later developed an electrical thermometer, laying the groundwork for future temperature-measuring devices.