Explanation

Must read it:

The largest country in the world by area is?

Last verified on 25-06-2026

Explanation

• Country: Peru
• Year: October 2025
• Region: South America
• Issue: Attempted dissolution of Congress
• Type of crisis: Political & constitutional crisis
• Impact: Government instability and public protests

Last verified on 15-06-2026

Explanation

• The Nobel Peace Prize 2025 was awarded to a political leader from Venezuela.
• She is Maria Corina Machado, an opposition leader.
• She was honored for promoting democratic rights and free elections.

Additional information:

• The 2024 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to Nihon Hidankyo, a Japanese organization of atomic bomb survivors.

Last verified on 27-04-2026

Explanation

• Observed on: 16 October every year
• Purpose: To raise awareness about food security, hunger, and nutrition
• 2024 Theme: Right to foods for a better life and a better future
• 2025 Theme: Hand in Hand for Better Foods and a Better Future

Additional information:

FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization)

• Established on: 16 October 1945
• Founder: United Nations
• Headquarters: Rome, Italy

Last verified on 27-01-2026

Explanation

Kashmir Black Day is observed annually on 27 October.

It commemorates 27 October 1947, when Indian forces entered Kashmir.

The day has increased significance following the 5 August 2019, revocation of Article 370 by India. 

Explanation

Shaheen Shah Afridi is the current captain of Pakistan Men's cricket team since October 2025.

He replaced Mohammad Rizwan

Updated & verified on 21-10-2025

Click here for reference 

Explanation

Scientists awarded: Susumu Kitagawa, Richard Robson, and Omar M. Yaghi 

Field of study: Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) 

Reason for the award: Their work on developing MOFs, which have significant potential in areas like clean energy storage, carbon capture, and advanced material science.

About Chemistry Nobel Prize 2024

Co-winners: David Baker, John Jumper,  Briton Demis

They are scientists from the United States of America (USA) 

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Explanation

The 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell, and Shimon Sakaguchi for discovering how the immune system decides what to attack or protect.

Additional Information: 

American Scientists Victor Ambros & Gary Ruvkun were awarded Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology in 2024

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Explanation

The world’s oldest former Olympic champion, ex-track cyclist Charles Coste has died

Coste won gold at the 1948 London Olympics and was a torch bearer at the 2024 Paris Games.

He died on October 30, 2025 at the age of 101.

He was the oldest living Olympic champion.

He belonged to France.

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Explanation

On 30 October 2025, Pakistani security forces killed 22 terrorists, including the banned Tehreek-i-Taliban Pakistan’s (TTP) second-in-command, in three separate operations in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan.

Four terrorists, including the “high-value target” Amjad alias Mazahim, were killed.

Additional Info:

According to ISPR, Amjad was a deputy to TTP chief Noor Wali Mehsud and headed the group’s Rehbari Shura.

He was wanted by law enforcement agencies and carried a Rs5 million bounty.

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