Explanation

Pneumatophores are specialized aerial roots found in mangrove species.

In some species, these roots are pencil-sized and peg whereas in some other species, they look like a knee.

These roots have numerous pores through which oxygen enters the underground tissues

Explanation

Inflorescence: raceme-like. Flower: calyx 2--3 mm; corolla 10 mm wide,

white, lobes deep; anthers 1.4--2.2 mm; style 3--5 mm. Fruit: 6--8 mm, black. Seed: 1.5--2.5 mm.

Explanation

Plants in the Solanaceae family have an obligately superior ovary.

In the Solanaceae family, the ovary is oblique in position due to the tilting of posterior carpels to the right and anterior carpels to the left at an angle of 45 degrees.

The ovary is superior, bilocular with many ovules on swollen axile placentation.

Explanation

The Solanaceae family (e.g., tomatoes, peppers) typically produces berries.

Explanation

Sieve tubes and companion cells are absent in the phloem of pteridophytes.

Explanation

The Sequoia, specifically the coast redwood, is the tallest gymnosperm.

Explanation

Pteridophytes are the first terrestrial plants to possess vascular tissue.

A pteridophyte is a vascular plant (with xylem and phloem) that reproduces by means of spores.

Because pteridophytes produce neither flowers nor seeds,

They are sometimes referred to as "cryptogams", meaning that their means of reproduction is hidden.

Explanation

Soil salinity is measured using a conductivity meter, which assesses the electrical conductivity of the soil.

Explanation

In gymnosperms, the ovule is covered by an integument, which is a protective layer.

Explanation

The prothallus of Nephrolepis (a type of fern) is haploid.

The prothallus is haploid, since it grew from a spore which had been formed by meiosis.

It does not have any vascular tissue and uses small rhizoids to anchor it to the ground.

On the underside of the prothallus the sex organs form.