Explanation

Bryophytes such as mosses and algae are non-vascular plants.

They do not possess true roots, stems and leaves.

Xylem and phloem are absent. Bryophytes include liverworts, hornworts and mosses.

Explanation

Autumn leaves appear red and yellow because carotenoids are revealed.

This happens when chlorophyll breaks down in response to less sunlight.

Shown is a colour photograph of bright red and yellow flowers with green stems and leaves.

Explanation

Transpiration is ultimately the main driver of water movement in xylem, combined with the effects of capillary action.

The cohesion-tension model works like this: Transpiration (evaporation) occurs because stomata in the leaves are open to allow gas exchange for photosynthesis.

Explanation

The living simple tissue that provides support to the growing parts of a plant is collenchyma.

Collenchyma is a simple permanent tissue.

The cells are thickened at the corners due to the deposition of cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin.

It provides mechanical support to the young, growing parts of the plant.

Explanation

The branch of botany that deals with the classification and evolutionary study of plants is called Systematics, which includes Plant Taxonomy,

Explanation

Self-fertilization in plants through successive generations leads to the development of True breeding plants. 

True breeding plants are those that consistently produce offspring with the same traits when self-fertilized.

This is because self-fertilization eliminates the introduction of new genetic material from another plant, ensuring that the offspring inherit the same genetic characteristics as the parent.

Over generations, this genetic uniformity becomes established within the population. 

Explanation

Carbohydrates provide the quickest source of energy for athletes.

As they are rapidly broken down into glucose, which fuels muscles during physical activity.

This makes them ideal for boosting performance and stamina.

Explanation

Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a bacterium commonly used to introduce foreign genes into plants, creating transgenic plants like golden rice.

It naturally transfers DNA into plant genomes.

Explanation

The statement that Cycas have vessel elements in their xylem is incorrect.

Cycas, like other gymnosperms, do not have vessel elements; instead, they have tracheids for water conduction.

Vessel elements are a characteristic of angiosperms (flowering plants).

Cycas are gymnosperms and produce seeds, but they do not form flowers, and their leaves are typically pinnately compound.

Explanation

Divergent evolution occurs when two or more species evolve from a common ancestor and adapt to different ecological niches, leading to increased differences between them over time.