Explanation

Industrial waste includes harmful chemicals and toxins dumped into rivers and lakes.

It is a major source of water pollution, harming aquatic life and contaminating drinking water.

Explanation

Decomposers like bacteria and fungi break down dead plants and animals.

This process recycles nutrients back into the soil, supporting new plant growth.

Explanation

Biotic Components:

Living organisms (e.g., plants, animals, microbes).

Abiotic Components:

Non-living factors (e.g., sunlight, water, soil, temperature).

Explanation

The troposphere is the lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere. 

The Layers of atmosphere are: the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere and thermosphere.

Explanation

Benefits of GMOs:

Higher Crop Yields: Engineered for drought/pest resistance (e.g., Bt cotton).

Disease Resistance: Vaccines/biotech crops (e.g., virus-resistant papaya).

Nutritional Enhancement: Golden Rice (vitamin A enriched).

Explanation

Explanation

Cross-Pollination Benefit:

• Transfer of pollen between different plants introduces new genetic combinations, enhancing biodiversity and resilience.
• Results in healthier offspring (disease resistance, adaptation to environments).

Explanation

The ovary is the female reproductive part of a flower that holds and protects ovules (which develop into seeds after fertilization).

It is part of the pistil (gynoecium) and matures into a fruit after pollination.

Explanation

In cellular respiration, glucose (food) is broken down in cells (via mitochondria) to produce ATP (energy), CO₂, and water.

Chemical equation: C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Energy (ATP)

Explanation

An allele that masks the expression of another allele is called a dominant allele.

The masked allele is known as the recessive allele in such a relationship.