BIOLOGY
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چار آپشن میں سے کسی ایک پر کلک کرنے سے جواب سرخ ہو جائے گا۔
واقعات کا اندرونی پروگرام جس کی وجہ سے سیل خودکشی کرتا ہے اور خود کو مار دیتا ہے اسے _____ کہا جاتا ہے؟
Apoptosis
Necrosis
Burning
None of these
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Explanation
Apoptosis is a programmed and controlled process of cell death, essential for development and removing damaged cells.
It involves a series of biochemical events leading to cell shrinkage, DNA fragmentation, and eventual removal without causing inflammation.
گلائکولیسس میں ایک گلوکوز انو کے آکسیکرن سے خالص توانائی کی پیداوار ______ ہے؟
2 ATP and 2 NADH
6 ATP and 6 NADH
6 ATP and 2 NADH
None of these
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Explanation
Glycolysis produces a net gain of 2 ATP molecules (4 produced – 2 used) per glucose molecule.
It also generates 2 NADH molecules, which can be used in oxidative phosphorylation for further ATP production .
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
3-Phosphoglyceric acid
Ribulose phosphate
None of these
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Explanation
The actual CO₂ acceptor in the Calvin cycle is ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP), a phosphorylated form of ribulose .
RuBP combines with CO₂ in a reaction catalyzed by Rubisco , initiating the Calvin cycle.
650 nm
680 nm
600 nm
None of these
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Explanation
In Photosystem II (PSII), chlorophyll a is present in the reaction center called P680 .
P680 absorbs light most efficiently at 680 nm , which lies in the red region of the visible spectrum .
جب مزید سبسٹریٹ ______ کو شامل کرکے انزیمیٹک رد عمل کی شرح میں اضافہ نہیں کیا جاسکتا ہے؟
Composition
Denaturation
Saturation
None of these
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Explanation
Saturation occurs when all active sites of the enzyme molecules are fully occupied by the substrate.
At this point, adding more substrate doesn't increase the reaction rate , as the enzyme is working at its maximum capacity (Vmax).
پولیپپٹائڈ چین ______ پر مشتمل چالو انزائم؟
Holoenzyme
Apoenzyme
Co-enzyme
None of these
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Explanation
A holoenzyme is the complete, active enzyme, formed when an apoenzyme (protein part) binds with its cofactor or coenzyme.
It consists of a polypeptide chain plus non-protein component , making it catalytically active.
پروٹین کے ترتیری ڈھانچے میں خاص طور پر کون سا ڈھانچہ پایا جاتا ہے؟
Straight chain
Disulphide (S-S) linkage
Alpha helix
None of these
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Explanation
Tertiary structure refers to the 3D folding of a protein, stabilized by interactions like disulphide bonds, hydrogen bonds, and hydrophobic interactions .
Disulphide (S-S) linkages are covalent bonds formed between cysteine residues, specifically contributing to the protein's tertiary structure stability .
آئوڈین ٹیسٹ ______ میں گلائکوجن نے تیار کیا؟
Yellow
Blue
Red
None of these
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Explanation
Glycogen gives a red-brown or reddish- blue color with iodine, not pure blue like starch does.
This reaction occurs due to the helical structure of glycogen , which traps iodine molecules and results in a characteristic color—typically brown to reddish-blue .
مشاہدے کی عارضی وضاحت ______؟
Hypothesis
Scientific law
Conclusion
None of these
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Explanation
A hypothesis is a tentative explanation for an observation or a scientific problem.
It is testable through experiments and forms the basis for further investigation.
کچھ کوکیوں اور عروقی پودوں کی جڑوں کے مابین باہمی تعلقات ______؟
Conidia
Mycorrhizae
Lichens
None of these
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Explanation
Mycorrhizae are a mutualistic association between fungi and the roots of vascular plants.
The fungi help in nutrient and water absorption , while the plant provides carbohydrates to the fungi.
