Explanation

The foundation of life is based on chemical processes and reactions that occur within living organisms.

These chemical reactions involve the building blocks of life.

Such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus.

They are combined in various ways to form biomolecules like carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Explanation

The biosphere is the region of the Earth where life exists, including the land, oceans, and atmosphere.

It encompasses all living organisms, from the tiniest microbe to the mightiest tree.

Includes the interactions between living things and their environment.

Explanation

Bu Ali Sina (Avicenna), a renowned Persian physician and polymath, identified various diseases, including tuberculosis and meningitis.

In his seminal work "The Canon of Medicine".

Explanation

A community refers to all the different species living in a specific habitat or area,

interacting with each other and their environment.

It includes plants, animals, microorganisms, and even fungi.

While A localized group of organisms that belong to the same species is called a population.

Explanation

Horticulture is the branch of agriculture concerned with the cultivation of fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, and ornamental plants.

It involves the development of new varieties of plants, their breeding.

The improvement of their yield, quality, and resistance to diseases.

Explanation

Biogeography is the study of the distribution of living organisms across different regions of the world.

Including the factors that influence their distribution.

Such as geography, climate, geology, and evolutionary history.

Explanation

Genetic engineering is also known as genetic modification or biotechnology.

It is the process of altering an organism's genes to produce a desired trait or characteristic.

This can involve the transfer of genes from one organism to another, or the alteration of existing genes within an organism.

Explanation

• Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from an area of higher water potential (high concentration of water molecules) to an area of lower water potential (low concentration of water molecules) through a selectively permeable membrane.
• This process helps to equalize the concentration of water molecules on both sides of the membrane.

Explanation

• The cortex is the layer of tissue between the epidermis (outermost layer) and endodermis (inner layer) in plant roots.
• It's a region of parenchymatous cells that stores food, water, and nutrients.

Explanation

In an open circulatory system, blood bathes the tissues directly, flowing through spaces among tissues, such as sinuses or lacunae. This type of circulation is found in:

• Invertebrates like insects, mollusks, and crustaceans
• Some lower vertebrates like fish and amphibians