Explanation

• Animals, plants, human beings, and microorganisms are all examples of living components and biotic factors.
• Living components refer to the living organisms that make up an ecosystem or environment.
• Biotic factors refer to the living components of an ecosystem that interact with each other and their environment.

Explanation

• The environment refers to the natural world that surrounds us, including all living and non-living things.
• Such as plants, animals, water, air, soil, and sunlight.

Explanation

• Hygiene refers to the practice of maintaining cleanliness and purity to promote health and prevent disease.
• It includes habits such as washing hands regularly, bathing, brushing teeth, and wearing clean clothes.

Explanation

• Marasmus is a severe form of protein-energy malnutrition.
• It develops due to a lack of sufficient calories and essential nutrients.
• As a result of starvation, poverty, and inadequate food supply.

Explanation

• Marasmus is a severe form of protein-energy malnutrition that affects infants and young children, typically under the age of 5.
• It is characterized by wasting of fat and muscle, stunted growth, and developmental delays.

Explanation

The amount of protein for a healthy child aged 7-14 is approximately:

• 1g per kilogram of body weight for children with minimal activity
• 1.3g per kilogram of body weight for children completing moderate levels of exercise
• 1.6g per kilogram of body weight for children carrying out intense exercise

Explanation

A balanced diet is one that provides the body with the necessary nutrients, vitamins, and minerals to maintain optimal health and function.

It typically includes a variety of foods from all food groups, such as:

• Fruits
• Vegetables
• Whole grains
• Lean proteins
• Healthy fats
• Calcium-rich foods
• Water

Explanation

Iodine is involved in the formation of thyroid hormones (triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4)) produced by the thyroid gland.

Iodine is essential for the production of thyroid hormones, which are necessary for:

• Energy production
• Regulation of metabolic rate
• Growth and development
• Nervous system function

Explanation

Iodine is present in:

• Seafood (especially seaweed and shellfish)
• Iodized salt
• Meat (in small amounts)
• Onions (in small amounts)
• Eggs (in small amounts)

Iodine is essential for thyroid function and brain development.

Explanation

Sodium plays a crucial role in regulating the distribution of water in the body, as it helps control the amount of fluid in cells, tissues, and organs. It does this by:

• Regulating fluid balance and blood pressure
• Maintaining proper osmotic balance
• Facilitating the transport of water and nutrients into cells

Sodium helps distribute water throughout the body, which is essential for various bodily functions, such as:

• Maintaining healthy blood pressure
• Supporting nerve and muscle function
• Regulating body temperature
• Facilitating waste removal