Explanation

• Mitosis is the process by which a single cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells.
• It is essential for growth, tissue repair, and development in multicellular organisms.
• Mitosis maintains the same number of chromosomes in each new cell.

Additional information:

• Meiosis is different; it occurs in sex cells and reduces chromosome number by half.

Last verified on 10-03-2026

Explanation

• Sputnik 1 was launched by the Soviet Union on October 4, 1957.
• It from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan, marking the beginning of the space age.
• The successful launch shocked the world and triggered the Space Race between the Soviet Union and the United States.

Last verified on 09-03-2026

Explanation

• Car brakes are typically hydraulic systems, not pneumatic systems.

The examples of pneumatic systems:

• Spray gun: uses compressed air to atomize and spray paint or other materials.
• Bicycle pump: uses compressed air to inflate tires.
• Vacuum cleaner: uses compressed air to create suction and lift dust and debris.

Last verified on 09-03-2026

Explanation

• Pascal's Law states that the pressure applied to a fluid (liquid or gas) in a container is transmitted equally throughout the fluid and to the walls of the container, and that the pressure is the same in all directions at a given point in the fluid.
• This principle has numerous applications in engineering, physics, and everyday life.

Last verified on 09-03-2026

Explanation

• The incorrect statement is: States of matter does not change during chemical reactions.
• During chemical reactions, states of matter can change.
• For example, a solid may dissolve in a liquid, a liquid may vaporize, or a gas may condense into a liquid.

Last verified on 09-03-2026

Explanation

• Melting of ice is a physical change, as it only involves a change in state (from solid to liquid) without a change in chemical composition.

The examples of chemical changes:

• Burning of fuel
• Explosion of firework
• Burning of wood
• Cooking of food (breakfast, lunch, dinner)
• Bursting of crackers
• Burning of wax
• Rusting of iron
• Heating sulphur with iron fillings (to produce iron sulphide)
• Digestion of food
• Respiration in living things
• Photosynthesis in plants

Last verified on 09-03-026

Explanation

• Pressure can be defined as the force acting per unit area.
•  Pascal (Pa) is the SI unit of pressure.
• In SI base units kg⋅m−1⋅s−2
• Derivations from other quantities: p = F / A
• Dimension unit: M L^−1 T^-2

Additional information 

The SI unit of energy/work is the joule (J)

Last updated on 09-03-2026

Explanation

In a concave mirror, the image size depends upon the:

• Position of the object relative to the mirror's focal point (f)
• Center of curvature(C)

Additional information

• Concave lenses are also known as diverging lenses. 

Last updated on 09-03-2026

Explanation

Definition: Possess both magnitude and direction.

Representation: Represented by arrows, where the length indicates magnitude and the arrowhead indicates direction.

Examples: 

• Displacement
• Velocity
• Acceleration
• Force
• Momentum

Additional information 

Difference from Scalars: Unlike scalars, which only have magnitude (e.g., speed), vectors require both to be fully defined

Last updated on 09-03-2026

Explanation

• Weight is a vector quantity
• Because it is a force defined as the product of mass and the acceleration due to gravity (W = mg).
• It has both magnitude (amount of force) and direction (downward, towards the center of the Earth)

Additional information 

Mass,  Time, and temperature are scalar quantities

Last updated on 09-03-2026