Explanation

The Sun produces energy through nuclear fusion in its core.

In fusion, hydrogen nuclei combine to form helium, releasing huge energy.

This energy radiates as sunlight, heat, and solar radiation.

Fusion is different from fission, which splits heavy nuclei.

Solar energy powers life on Earth and can be harnessed for electricity.

Explanation

The lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere is called the troposphere.

This layer contains about 75-80% of the atmosphere's total mass and up to 99% of its water vapor. 

Explanation

• Natural gas produces less carbon dioxide, sulfur oxides, and particulate matter.
• It is considered a cleaner fossil fuel.

Additional information:

• Coal is the most pollutant.
• Coal producing high levels of smoke and harmful gases.
• Diesel emits more particulates and nitrogen oxides than petrol.

Last verified on 17-01-2026

Explanation

• 74 mph and above: Hurricane
• Below 39 mph: Tropical Depression
• 39–73 mph: Tropical Storm

Additional Information:

• Hurricanes are called Typhoons in the Western Pacific.
• They cause heavy rainfall, strong winds, and coastal flooding.

Last verified on 17-01-2026

Explanation

• The rate at which temperature decreases with increasing altitude is called the Lapse Rate.
• Lapse rate helps predict weather patterns, cloud formation, and stability of the atmosphere.

Additional information:

• Dry Lapse Rate: ~9.8°C/km (unsaturated air)
• Moist Lapse Rate: ~5–6°C/km (saturated air with condensation)

Last verified on 17-01-2026

Explanation

• Cyclone is a system in which winds blow in a spiral form around a low-pressure area.
• Air moves inward and upward due to low atmospheric pressure.
• Cyclones can cause heavy rain, strong winds, and storms.

Last verified on 17-01-2026

Explanation

• The study of relationships between organisms and their environment is called Ecology.
• It helps understand how living things interact with each other and with their surroundings.

Additional information:

• Embryology studies development of embryos.
• Ethology studies animal behavior.
• Entomology studies insects.

Last verified on 16-01-2026

Explanation

• Location: Amazon Rainforest, South America
• Area Affected: ~17% of forest lost in last 50 years
• Causes: Agriculture, cattle ranching, logging, urbanization
• Impact: Loss of biodiversity, carbon emissions, climate change

Additional information:

• Amazon forest is called the “lungs of the Earth”

Last verified on 16-01-2026

Explanation

Tectonic Plates Movement (Most Common): The Earth's crust is broken into large tectonic plates that constantly shift. 

Volcanic Activities: Movement of magma beneath volcanoes can cause shifts and trigger earthquakes.

Tectonic Dislocation (Faults): This refers to the actual fractures (faults) in the crust where plates slide past each other, which is the direct mechanism for most plate-related earthquakes.

Other Causes: Human activities (mining, large reservoirs) and even large collapses of rock can also cause minor seismic events. 

Explanation

The troposphere is the atmospheric layer that contains most of the atmosphere's gases.