Explanation

• Conditional formatting highlights cells automatically based on set conditions or rules (e.g., values greater than 100).
• It helps in quickly analyzing data trends by using colors, icons, or data bars.

Last verified on 02-09-2026

Explanation

• Data refers to a collection of raw facts and figures.
• Data can include numbers, words, symbols, or observations.
• When data is processed and organized, it becomes information.
• Example: 85, 90, 76 are raw data; their calculated average is information.

Last verified on 03-09-2026

Explanation

Explanation

• PR stands for Public Relations.
• It refers to managing communication between an organization and the public or stakeholders.
• PR helps build and maintain a positive image and reputation.
• It includes activities such as media relations, public communication, and reputation management.

Last verified on 02-09-2026

Explanation

• The Durand Line was drawn in 1893.
• It was established as the official border between British India and Afghanistan.
• British representative: Sir Mortimer Durand
• Afghan ruler: Amir Abdur Rahman Khan
• It later became the international border between Pakistan and Afghanistan.
• Length: Around 2,640 km

Last verified on 09-06-2026

Explanation

• Muzaffarabad is the capital and largest city of Azad Jammu and Kashmir
• Established 1646
• Founded by Sultan Muzaffar Khan
• Situated at the Jhelum and Neelum rivers

Explanation

• “Scarcely…when” is a fixed pair used for quick succession of events.
• It shows one action immediately follows another.
• Correct structure: Scarcely had it stopped raining when the sun came out.

Last verified on 21-05-2026

Explanation

• Sadd al-Dhara’i means “blocking the means” to something prohibited.
• It prevents an act that is permissible in itself when it is likely to lead to a prohibited consequence.
• The principle aims to prevent harm and protect the objectives of Shariah.
• It is particularly associated with the Maliki school of Islamic jurisprudence.

Last verified on 02-09-2026

Explanation

• Hashing is a one-way process that converts data into a fixed-length hash value.
• Encryption converts data into ciphertext that can be reversed (decrypted) using a key.
• Hashing is commonly used for password verification and data integrity.
• Encryption is used to protect confidential information during storage or transmission.

Last verified on 02-09-2026

Explanation

• Battle: Battle of the Zab
• Year: 750 CE / 132 AH
• Opponents: Abbasids vs. Umayyads
• Result: Abbasid victory
• Location: Near the Great Zab River, Iraq

Last verified on 02-09-2026