Explanation

• The doctrine of the Trinity was formally established at the Council of Nicaea (325 CE).
• It declared that Jesus Christ is fully divine and “of the same substance” as God the Father.
• This council was called by Roman Emperor Constantine.
• It aimed to resolve the Arian controversy about the nature of Christ.

Last verified on 13-06-2026

Explanation

• The Al-Azhar Mosque and University in Cairo was founded by Al-Muizz li-Din Allah.
• It was established in 970–972 CE after the Fatimids founded Cairo.

Last verified on 13-06-2026

Explanation

The Yoga school of philosophy recognizes three pramanas (means of knowledge).

1. Pratyaksha – Direct perception (what we see or experience)
2. Anumana – Inference (logical reasoning)
3. Shabda – Verbal testimony (reliable scriptural authority)

Yoga philosophy is attributed to Patanjali.

Last verified on 13-06-2026

Explanation

• The Visigothic King Roderic was defeated at the Battle of Guadalete (711 CE) by Tariq ibn Ziyad.
• This battle marked the beginning of Muslim rule in Spain (Al-Andalus).
• Tariq ibn Ziyad led the initial crossing from North Africa into Iberia.
• The victory led to rapid Islamic expansion in the Iberian Peninsula.

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Explanation

• The Rigveda consists of 1,028 hymns (suktas).
• Total Mandalas (books): 10
• Language: Vedic Sanskrit
• Theme: Hymns to gods like Indra, Agni, Varuna

Last verified on 13-06-2026

Explanation

• The Abbasid Caliphate shifted its capital from Kufa to Baghdad in 145 AH (762 CE).
• This decision was made by Caliph Al-Mansur.
• Baghdad was built as a new planned capital named Madinat al-Salam (City of Peace).
• Reason: Strategic, political, and administrative control

Last verified on 13-06-2026

Explanation

• The Ashtadhyayi (8 Chapters) was composed by Panini.
• It is the most important foundational text of Sanskrit grammar.
• The work contains about 4000 grammatical rules (sutras).
• It systematized Sanskrit language structure in a scientific way.

Last verified on 13-06-2026

Explanation

• The Great Schism (1054 AD) divided Christianity into Eastern Orthodox Church and Roman Catholic Church.
• It happened due to long-standing theological and political differences.
• The split formalized the division between East (Constantinople) and West (Rome).

Last verified on 13-06-2026

Explanation

• Abdul Malik ibn Marwan made Arabic the official language of administration in the Umayyad Caliphate.
• Period: 685–705 CE
• Languages replaced: Greek (Syria) and Persian (Iraq/Iran)
• Impact: Centralized and strengthened Umayyad governance

Last verified on 13-06-2026

Explanation

• The Book of Revelation was written by John of Patmos.
• He is traditionally identified as Saint John the Apostle in Christian tradition.
• It is the final book of the New Testament.
• The book describes visions about the end times and final judgment.

Last verified on 13-06-2026