Explanation

• Qutb Uddin Aibak was a slave and general of Muhammad Ghauri.
• Later becoming the first ruler of the Delhi Sultanate.
• After Ghauri's assassination in 1206, Aibak declared himself Sultan of Delhi and established the Mamluk (Slave) Dynasty.

Last verified on 03-04-2026

Explanation

• Muhammad Bin Qasim was the close relative/nephew of Hajjaj bin Yusuf.
• He was the son-in-law of Hajjaj bin Yousuf.
• Because of him, he was appointed the governor of Persia.
• Hajjaj ibn Yusuf was the governor of the Umayyad Caliphate from 692–694.

Additional information:

• Muhammad ibn Qasim led the Muslim conquest of Sindh.
• From Raja Dahir in the battle of Aror.
• He was the first Muslim to have successfully captured Hindu territories.
• He initiated the early Islamic India in 712 AD.

Last verified on 03-04-2026

Explanation

Vasco da Gama was a famous explorer and navigator from Portugal.

Additional information:

• Born: 1460, Sines, Portugal
• Died: 1524, Cochin, India
• Famous Achievement: First European to reach India by sea in 1498
• Significance: Opened direct maritime trade between Europe and Asia

Last verified on 15-01-2026

Explanation

• A lactometer is used to measure the purity and density (thickness) of milk.
• It checks if milk has been adulterated with water by measuring specific gravity.
• Works on the principle of buoyancy.
• Pure milk specific gravity: 1.028–1.032 at 15°C

Last verified on 16-03-2026

Explanation

• Symbol: Hg
• Atomic number: 80
• Melting point: -38.83 °C
• Atomic mass: 200.59 u

Last verified on 13-03-2026

Explanation

• The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest ocean on Earth.
• It covers about 30% of the Earth's surface.
• It contains 97% of the Earth's water.
• The Mariana Trench, the deepest part of the ocean.
• It is located in the Pacific.
• The Arctic Ocean is connected to the Pacific Ocean via the Bering Strait.

Additional information:

• Oceans cover 71% of the Earth's surface.
• The Indian Ocean is the warmest, with the Persian Gulf being the hottest area.
• The Diamantina Trench is the deepest point in the Indian Ocean.
  
• Jordan does not have an ocean.
• The Arctic Ocean is the Smallest Ocean of the world.

Last verified on 17-03-2026

Explanation

• Spiritual means روح، مذہب، یا اندرونی زندگی
• Religion means روح، مذہب، یا اندرونی زندگی

Last verified on 17-03-2026

Explanation

• Pakistan Standard Time (PST) is 5 hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).
• Suggested by Professor Muhammad Anwar in 1951.
• GMT is the standard time of Greenwich, UK, used as a reference worldwide.
• Example: When it is 12:00 noon GMT, it is 5:00 PM in Pakistan.

Last verified on 17-03-2026

Explanation

In the Fahrenheit scale:

• The freezing point of water is 32°F
• The boiling point of water is 212°F

Last verified on 02-04-2026

Explanation