Explanation

In proceedings under the Qanun-e-Shahadat Order, 1984 (QSO), the initial burden of proof rests on the party that asserts a claim or alleges a fact

Explanation

Under the Qanun-e-Shahadat Order (QSO), failure to cross-examine a witness on a material point means their evidence on that point is presumed to be admitted.

This is because the right to cross-examine is a valuable right for testing the veracity of evidence;

without it, evidence cannot be challenged,

and the unchallenged statement is considered uncontroverted

Explanation

Under Article 121 of QSO, if the accused wants to plead insanity.

under Section 84 of the Pakistan Penal Code (PPC),

he must prove that at the time of doing the act he was suffering from such a mental disorder that

he was incapable of knowing the nature of the act, or knowing that it was wrong or contrary to law.

Explanation

New questions can be asked, but they must be related to the subject matter of the case and the witness’s previous testimony.

Explanation

Possession of stolen property can create a presumption of guilt.

The law may presume that the person in possession of the stolen goods might be the thief, but this is rebuttable.

Article 117 of QSO deals with this concept. 

Explanation

 when a prosecution witness is called, the prosecution is the party that first examines the witness.

This is known as examination-in-chief.

Explanation

Under Section 107 PPC, abetment includes instigating a person to do something.

It also includes intentionally aiding by act or illegal omission in the commission of that act.

Explanation

Section 34 PPC establishes the rule of joint liability in acts done with common intention.

Every participant is treated as if they committed the entire act individually.

Explanation

Order 39 CPC deals with temporary injunctions and interlocutory orders.

These are granted to preserve rights or prevent harm until the final decision of the case.

Explanation

Civil petition for leave to appeal (CPLA) lies to the Supreme Court under its Constitution jurisdiction, not directly under CPC.

First appeal, second appeal, and appeal against order are recognized forms of appeal under CPC.