Explanation

Pakistan’s first HVDC transmission line (Matiari‑Lahore ±660 kV) is designed to transmit up to 4,000 MW of power. 

This high‑capacity link helps evacuate bulk generation from the south to load centers in the north efficiently.

Explanation

V_phase = V_line / √3

= 220 / √3

≈ 127 V

Explanation

Average power in an AC circuit is the mean of instantaneous power over one complete cycle.

It accounts for both voltage and current variations to give the net power delivered.

Explanation

Conductance is the reciprocal of resistance, and in parallel, total conductance is the sum of individual conductances.

This simplifies calculating equivalent resistance in parallel circuits using R eq = 1/G eq.

Explanation

Energy = Power × Time

= 100 W × 4 hours

= 400 Wh

Explanation

An isolating transformer provides electrical isolation between primary and secondary without changing voltage magnitude.

Its turns ratio is 1:1, ensuring the same voltage level while isolating circuits for safety.

Explanation

In a pure capacitor, current leads the applied AC voltage by 90° (π/2 radians).

This phase lead occurs because voltage lags current during charging and discharging.

Explanation

Ferromagnetic materials have very low magnetic reluctance, so magnetic flux prefers to pass through them.

Hence, they are used as magnetic shields (screens) to protect nearby components from magnetic fields.

Explanation

Q = CV => V = Q/C

V = 0.12 × 10^-3 / (3 × 10^-6)

= 0.12 / (3 × 10^-3)

= 40 V

Explanation

Ic = αIE (α is slightly < 1)

So Ic < IE