Explanation

Explanation

Explanation

 Purpose: Maps natural features (mountains, rivers, lakes, forests) and man-made structures (roads, buildings).

Scale: Used for small to medium-sized areas (typically <250 km² where Earth's curvature is negligible).

Explanation

 Plane Surveying - A method where Earth's curvature is ignored, treating the surface as flat;

suitable for small areas (<250 km²) with minimal error (used in construction, local mapping).

Explanation

Accounts for Earth's curvature using spherical trigonometry,

essential for large-scale mapping (100+ km²),

with modern GPS achieving cm-level accuracy (WGS84 standard since 1984).

Explanation

Explanation

Given:

y=2x^2−13x+5

Differentiate:

dy/dx​=4x−13

For slope $=-1$:

$$4x-13=-1$$ $$x=3$$

At $x=3$:

y=2(3)^2−13(3)+5=−16

So the point of contact is (3, −16).

The tangent equation:

$$y+16=-(x-3)$$

y=−x−13

Explanation

• World War I lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918.
• It was a global war originating in Europe.
• Chlorine gas was first used during World War I at Ypres in April 1915.
• After World War I, the influenza pandemic occurred in 1918.
• During World War I, Russia signed the Peace Treaty with Germany in 1917.
• World War II started in 1939 and ended in 1945.

Explanation

Shirk means خدا کے ساتھ کسی کو شریک ٹھرانا

Touheed means خدا کو ایک ماننا

Explanation

• Sir Syed Ahmad Khan wrote the book Khutbat-e-Ahmadiya.
• Published: 1870
• Purpose: A scientific and historical defense of the life of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).