Explanation

• Mitochondria are called the powerhouse of the cell.
• Because they produce Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP).
• ATP is the energy currency of the cell.
• ATP provides energy for different cellular activities such as movement, growth, and transport.
• Energy is produced through aerobic cellular respiration using oxygen and الغذائی molecules.
• They are found in the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells.
• Richard Altmann first described mitochondria in 1890.

Main Parts of a Cell:

1. Cell membrane → Outer protective layer
2. Nucleus → Controls cell activities
3. Cytoplasm → Jelly-like material between membrane and nucleus

Last verified on 09-05-2026

Explanation

• Manchar Lake is the largest natural lake in Pakistan.
• It is part of the Indus River basin.
• Covered Area: ~260 km² (100 square miles)
• Location: Jamshoro District, Sindh
• Water Source: Kirthar Mountains and surrounding streams

Last verified on 14-03-2026

Explanation

• Ranikot Fort is located in Jamshoro District, Sindh.
• It is also known as The Great Wall of Sindh.
• It is believed to be the world's largest fort.
• It is circumference of approximately 32 KM or 20 Mile.
• The site was nominated in 1993 by the Pakistan National Commission for UNESCO World Heritage status.
• The fort is listed as a historical site under the Antiquities Act, 1975.
• The small Fort within Rani Kot Fort is known as Mari Kot.

Last verified on 17-03-2026

Explanation

• Dr. Shamshad Akhtar was the first female Governor of the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP).
• She served as Governor from 2006 to 2009.

Additional information:

• Founded: 1 July 1948
• Founder: Muhammad Ali Jinnah
• Headquarters: Karachi, Sindh
• First Governor: Zahid Hussain

Last verified on 06-06-2026

Explanation

NOTE: Length: Old – 1,046 km, New – 1,058 km (both accepted in MCQs)

• Divisions: Sindh Coast – 270 km, Makran Coast – 720 km
• Major Location: Most of the coastline is in Balochistan
• Geographical Areas: Gwadar, Lasbela, Karachi, Thatta Coast
• Borders: Thatta Coast from Korangi Creek to Sir Creek; Rann of Kutch from Badin to Tharparkar

Last verified on 15-01-2026

Explanation

• SEATO is the name of the pact joined by Pakistan and the United Kingdom in 1954.

Additional information:

• Full form: Southeast Asia Treaty Organization
• Established: 8 September 1954
• Purpose: To prevent the spread of communism.
• Headquarters: Bangkok, Thailand
• Original members (8): United States, United Kingdom, France, New Zealand, Australia, Pakistan, the Philippines, and Thailand.
• Dissolved: 30 June 1977.

Last verified on 13-10-2026

Explanation

• Router: Connects different networks and forwards data packets between them.

Additional information:

• Switch: Connects devices within a local area network (LAN).
• Hub: Broadcasts data to all connected devices.
• Modem: Converts signals to enable internet connectivity.

Explanation

• The ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) is the core component of the CPU.
• It performs both arithmetic operations (calculations) and logical operations (comparisons).
• Without ALU, a computer cannot process data.
• ALU works together with the Control Unit (CU).

Last verified on 06-05-2026

Explanation

• The highest military award is Nishan-e-Haider.
• Captain Raja Muhammad Sarwar, the country's first recipient of Nishan-i-Haider.
• Nishan-e-Pakistan: Highest Civil Award.
• Tamgha-e-Khidmat: Smallest Civil Award.

Additional information:

Last verified on 13-03-2026

Explanation

• SAARC was founded in Dhaka on December 8, 1985
• SAARC stands for the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
• Founded by Bangladeshi diplomat Abul Ahsan
• Launched for Regional cooperation
• Headquarters: Kathmandu

Additional information

SAARC cooperation has given observer status to 9 states:

1. Australia,
2. China,
3. the European Union,
4. Iran,
5. Japan,
6. Mauritius,
7. Myanmar,
8. South Korea
9. and the United States

There is a total of eight members of SAARC;

1. Afghanistan,
2. Bangladesh,
3. Bhutan,
4. India,
5. Nepal,
6. the Maldives,
7. Pakistan
8. and Sri Lanka

Last question by NA on 09 July 2026