Explanation

Chromium forms a thin, protective oxide layer on steel that prevents rusting and corrosion.

This is why chromium is the key element in stainless steel.

Explanation

Strength is the ability of a structural member to resist failure by fracture and yielding.

It indicates how much load or stress a material can safely withstand before failing.

Explanation

In a protected membrane roof system, the protective layer is placed above the roof membrane.

This protection shields the membrane from weather, temperature changes, and mechanical damage.

Explanation

A roof membrane is an impervious sheet of material designed to prevent water from entering the building.

It protects the structure by providing waterproofing and increasing the roof’s durability.

Explanation

Household, industrial, and multistory building ceilings are designed considering economy to reduce construction and maintenance costs.

These ceilings are also planned for ease of maintenance, allowing easy repair and long-term durability.

Explanation

- Resistivity (ρ) is a measure of how strongly a material opposes the flow of electric current.

- The reciprocal of resistivity is called conductivity (σ).

Mathematically:  

σ = 1 / ρ

- Conductivity indicates how easily a material allows the flow of electric current.

- The other options:  

  - Impedance relates to resistance and reactance in AC circuits.  

  - Admittance is the reciprocal of impedance.  

  - Resistance is the opposition to current flow but depends on dimensions, unlike resistivity.

Explanation

Percentage elongation measures how much a material stretches before breaking under tensile load.

Higher elongation indicates greater ability to deform plastically without fracture.

Percentage elongation is a direct measure of ductility.

Explanation

Steel is more elastic than rubber because the ratio of stress to strain is more for steel.

This indicates that steel deforms less under the same amount of stress compared to rubber, making it more elastic.

Explanation

Permissible error defines the tolerance allowed in a measurement.

Ensures accuracy and reliability in engineering measurements.

Permissible error = allowed deviation from true value.

Explanation

Thermal diffusivity indicates how quickly heat spreads through a material.

It depends on thermal conductivity, density, and specific heat of the material.

Thermal diffusivity is an intrinsic physical property of a material.