Explanation

European rulers captured Palestine during the First Crusade in 1099 AD.

The Crusades were a series of religious wars between Christians and Muslims fought for control of the Holy Land.

Muslims later recaptured it under Salahuddin Ayyubi in 1187 AD.

Explanation

Diego Garcia is a coral atoll in the Indian Ocean.

It is part of the British Indian Ocean Territory.

It has been leased to the United States since 1966 and serves as a strategic military base.

Explanation

The primary Russian oil and gas company that provides the majority of pipeline gas to European countries is Gazprom

PJSC Gazprom is a Russian majority state-owned multinational energy corporation

Headquartered in the Lakhta Center in Saint Petersburg.

Company type: State-owned company

Founded: 8 August 1989

Explanation

Ariel Sharon's time as Prime Minister of Israel came to an end due to illness 

He was an Israeli general and politician

He served as the prime minister of Israel from March 2001 until April 2006

History 

He served as the 11th Prime Minister in March 2001

He was re-elected in 2003.

He suffered a major stroke in January 2006,

He remained in a coma until he died in 2014 

Explanation

• Veins are the blood vessels that carry blood from other parts of the body back to the heart.
• They have one-way valves that prevent blood from flowing backwards and ensure it keeps moving towards the heart.

Explanation

Al-Hilal in 1912 was Founder Maulana Abul Kalam Azad.

Explanation

Pakistan State Bank started working on 1st July 1948 with the amount of Rs: Thirty Millions.

History of State Bank

It was inaugurated on 1st July 1948.

The headquarters is in Karachi, Sindh

Zahid Husain was the founder and the first governor of the SBP from June 1948 to July 1953.

Dr. Shamshad Akhtar was the first female Governor of the SBP in 2006.

Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah inaugurated the State Bank of Pakistan.

The Governor is appointed by the President of Pakistan.

Term of five years.

Explanation

The London Stock Exchange (LSE) is the oldest in the world

It is located in Paternoster Square in the City of London, England

It was founded by the English financier Thomas Gresham and Sir Richard Clough 

It was opened by Queen Elizabeth I in 1571

Founded: 30 December 1801

Explanation

Track-II Diplomacy involves non-governmental actors such as academics, former officials, and experts.

It is used to resolve conflicts, build trust, and explore solutions without formal government negotiations.

Unlike official diplomacy (Track-I), it is informal and flexible.

Explanation

The Hanging Gardens of Babylon are the wonder of the ancient world, traditionally situated in Iraq

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1. Great Pyramid of Giza – Egypt - Built: c. 2560 BCE  

2. Hanging Gardens of Babylon – Iraq (ancient Babylon, near present-day Hillah)  

3. Statue of Zeus at Olympia – Greece  Built: c. 435 BCE  

4. Temple of Artemis at Ephesus – Turkey  Built: c. 550 BCE, rebuilt c. 323 BCE

5. Mausoleum at Halicarnassus – Turkey  Built: c. 350 BCE  

6. Colossus of Rhodes – Greece  Built: c. 292–280 BCE  

7. Lighthouse of Alexandria (Pharos of Alexandria) – Egypt Built: c. 280 BCE