Explanation

• The nucleus is the central core of an atom.
• It contains protons and neutrons.
• Protons have a positive charge.
• Neutrons have no charge.
• Electrons move around the nucleus.

Explanation

• Ammonia is produced by the Haber process.
• The reaction is: N₂ + 3H₂ ⇌ 2NH₃.
• There are 4 moles of gas on the left and 2 moles on the right.
• Increasing pressure shifts the equilibrium toward ammonia.
• Therefore, higher pressure increases ammonia production.

Explanation

• Ocean water is not drinkable due to a high amount of sodium chloride (common salt).
• This salt makes water too salty for human consumption.
• Seawater also contains small amounts of other dissolved minerals.
• High salt concentration causes dehydration in the human body.

Last verified on 25-06-2026

Explanation

• Mass and Length are base quantities in SI units.
• Length SI Unit: meter (m)
• Mass SI Unit: kilogram (kg)

Additional information:

Base Quantities in SI System:

• Time (second)
• Electric current (ampere)
• Temperature (kelvin)

Last verified on 16-06-2026

Explanation

• Pressure can be defined as the force acting per unit area.
•  Pascal (Pa) is the SI unit of pressure.
• In SI base units kg⋅m−1⋅s−2
• Derivations from other quantities: p = F / A
• Dimension unit: M L^−1 T^-2

Additional information 

The SI unit of energy/work is the joule (J)

Last updated on 09-03-2026

Explanation

• Proton has a positive charge.
• Its charge is +1e.
• 1e = 1.602 x10^-19 C.
• Classification: Baryon
• Composition: 2 up quarks (u), 1 down quark (d)
• Statistics: Fermionic
• Family: Hadron
• Interactions: Gravity, electromagnetic, weak, strong
• Symbol p, p+, N+, 11H+
• Theorized: William Prout (1815)
• Discovered: observed as H+ by Eugen Goldstein (1886). Identified in other nuclei (and named) by Ernest Rutherford (1917–1920).

Explanation

• The standard International System of Units (SI) unit for molar volume is cubic meters per mole
• Depending on the state of the substance, practical chemistry and physics work use alternate metric units, such as
•  m³/mol
• dm³/mol
• cm³/mol.

Additional information

mol/L:

This is the unit for molarity, which represents the concentration of a solution. 

g/mol:

This is the unit for molar mass, which is the mass of one mole of a substance. 

mol/g:

This is the inverse of molar mass, not a standard unit for molar volume. 

Explanation

To convert Celsius to Fahrenheit, multiply the Celsius temperature by 1.8 (or 9/5) and then add 32.

The exact formula is

°F = (°C × 9/5) + 32

Explanation

• Freeze drying is suitable for heat-sensitive materials.
• The material is first frozen.
• Water is removed by sublimation under low pressure.
• It helps preserve quality and biological activity.
• It is commonly used for medicines, vaccines, and biological products.

Additional information 
- Vacuum drying and spray drying involve some heat.  

- Convective drying uses hot air → not suitable for sensitive substances.

Explanation

Filtration rate depends on:  

  - Particle size: Smaller particles clog pores more, reducing rate.  

  - Filtration pressure: Higher pressure = faster filtration.  

  - Medium thickness: Thicker medium slows down the flow.  

- Temperature may affect viscosity, but it's not a direct filtration parameter.