Explanation

• Mrs. Dalloway is a modernist novel by Virginia Woolf published in 1925.
• The novel focuses on a single day in the life of Clarissa Dalloway.
• Time is not shown as fixed or clock-based but as flowing thoughts and memories.
• It shifts between present moments and inner psychological experiences.
• This reflects modernist narrative style.

Last verified on 23-05-2026

Explanation

Explanation

• A Modest Proposal is a satirical essay written by Jonathan Swift in 1729.
• It uses extreme irony to criticize British policy toward the Irish people.
• The essay suggests a shocking idea of eating children to highlight social injustice.
• It is a powerful example of harsh and bitter satire.
• The tone is serious but meaning is opposite (ironic criticism).

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Explanation

Dramatic irony occurs when:

• Audience knows the truth
• Characters are unaware

It creates suspense, humor, or tragedy.

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Explanation

• Endorse means تصدیق کرنا / توثیق کرنا

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Explanation

• Blank verse is a major form of English poetry.
• It follows a strict meter but does not use rhyme.
• The most common meter is iambic pentameter.
• It is widely used in plays and long poems.
• It gives a natural speech-like rhythm.

Last verified on 23-05-2026

Explanation

• Metaphysical poetry is a complex and intellectual form of poetry.
• It explores deep philosophical and abstract ideas.
• Common themes include love, spirituality, life, and death.
• It often uses unusual comparisons called “conceits.”
• This style was popular in the 17th century.

Last verified on 23-05-2026

Explanation

• In poetry, structure and meaning often change at a key point.
• A “volta” is the turning point in a poem.
• It shows a shift in thought, emotion, or argument.
• It is especially important in sonnets.
• It marks a change from problem to solution or idea shift.

Last verified on 23-05-2026

Explanation

• In linguistics, sounds of language are studied as phonemes and allophones.
• A phoneme is the basic sound unit that can change meaning.
• Allophones are different pronunciations of the same phoneme.
• These variations do not change word meaning.
• They depend on context and speech environment.
• Example: /p/ in pin (aspirated) vs spin (unaspirated).

Last verified on 23-05-2026

Explanation

• In American English, pronunciation of /t/ changes in some words like “butter.”
• The /t/ sound becomes a soft sound similar to /d/.
• This happens between vowels in fast or casual speech.
• It is a common phonological process in American pronunciation.
• It improves speech fluency and ease of articulation.

Last verified on 23-05-2026