Explanation

• Discoverer: Victor Hess
• Year: 1912
• Method: High-altitude balloon experiments
• Nobel Prize: 1936 (Physics)
• Field: Astrophysics / Space radiation

Last verified on 20-06-2026

Explanation

• HTTPS (SSL/TLS) is used to establish a secure channel of communication over a potentially insecure network.
• SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) and TLS (Transport Layer Security) are cryptographic protocols.
• They encrypt data to protect it from hackers during transmission.
• They ensure data confidentiality, integrity, and authentication.
• Commonly used in secure websites (HTTPS connections).

Last verified on 08-06-2026

Explanation

• Mail Merge is used to merge data into a template document to create multiple personalized copies.
• It is a feature of MS Word used for bulk document creation.
• It combines a main document with a data source (like names or addresses).
• Each output document is customized automatically.
• Commonly used for letters, labels, and certificates.

Last verified on 20-06-2026

Explanation

• Election year: 1985
• Type: Non-party basis elections
• Martial law period: 1977–1988
• Prime Minister after elections: Muhammad Khan Junejo
• President: General Zia-ul-Haq

Last verified on 20-06-2026

Explanation

• The Bandung Conference was held in Indonesia (Bandung city) in 1955.
• Also known as the: Asian-African Conference
• Participating countries: 29 Asian and African nations
• Purpose: Anti-colonialism, peace, cooperation
• Outcome: Foundation for Non-Aligned Movement idea

Last verified on 20-06-2026

Explanation

• Hub Dam is located in Balochistan province.
• It is near the Sindh border and supplies water to Karachi.
• It is built on the Hub River about 56 km from Karachi.
• The dam lies between Lasbela District (Balochistan) and Karachi (Sindh).

Last verified on 20-06-2026

Explanation

• A newsletter is written in a formal style to share information clearly and professionally.
• It is usually used by organizations, schools, and companies.

Last verified on 20-06-2026

Explanation

• An address that does not change daily is called a Static IP Address.
• It remains fixed.
• It is manually assigned by the ISP or network admin.
• It is used for servers, websites, and permanent network services.
• Unlike dynamic IP, it stays constant over time.

Last verified on 20-06-2026

Explanation

• IPv6 size: 128 bits
• IPv4 size: 32 bits
• Format: Hexadecimal (8 groups)
• Purpose: Increase address availability
• Developed by: IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force)

Last verified on 20-06-2026

Explanation

• IPv4 (Internet Protocol version 4) uses a 32-bit address system.
• It allows about 4.3 billion unique IP addresses.
• It is written in dotted decimal format (e.g., 192.168.1.1).

Additional information:

• IPv6 length → 128 bits

Last verified on 26-05-2026