Explanation

• Ozone (O₃) is mainly found in the Stratosphere, called the ozone layer.
• It absorbs harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun, protecting life on Earth.
• Located roughly 15–35 km above the Earth’s surface.

Last verified on 17-01-2026

Explanation

• The stratosphere is heated mainly by ozone.
• Ozone layer absorbs harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the Sun.
• This absorption converts solar energy into heat.
• It causes warming in the stratosphere instead of cooling.
• This layer protects Earth from dangerous UV rays.

Last verified on 01-05-2026

Explanation

• Hydrogen (H2) and Argon is not a greenhouse gas.
• Greenhouse gases are gases that trap heat in Earth’s atmosphere and cause the Greenhouse Effect.

The main greenhouse gases are:

• Carbon dioxide (CO2)
• Methane (CH4)
• Nitrous oxide (N2O)
• Water vapor (H2O)
• Ozone (O3)
• Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
• Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)
• Perfluorocarbons (PFCs)

Last verified on 01-05-2026

Explanation

• The concept of Demographic Transition Theory (DTT) was developed by Frank W. Notestein.
• He introduced it in the 1940s.
• It explains population change from high birth & death rates to low birth & death rates.
• It is widely used in population geography and economics.
• The model describes development stages of societies.

Last verified on 01-05-2026

Explanation

• The concept of Location Triangle was introduced by Alfred Weber.
• He is known for Industrial Location Theory.
• It explains the best location for industry based on transport costs and raw materials.
• The triangle includes raw material source, market, and production site.
• It helps minimize industrial cost and maximize profit.

Last verified on 01-05-2026

Explanation

• Line-in-polygon overlay is used when a line feature (road) intersects a polygon (forest area).
• It helps calculate the portion or length of a line inside a polygon.
• In this case, roads are line features and forests are polygon features.
• So we use line-in-polygon analysis to measure road length within forest boundaries.
• It is widely used in GIS spatial analysis.

Last verified on 01-05-2026

Explanation

• Rubber sheeting is a map adjustment technique.
• It warps or stretches map coordinates to match known control points.
• Used in GIS (Geographic Information Systems) for accuracy correction.
• Helps align old or distorted maps with real-world data.
• Common in cartography and spatial analysis.

Last verified on 01-05-2026

Explanation

• Fecundity refers to the reproductive capacity of an organism.
• It shows how many offspring an organism can potentially produce.
• It is a biological measure of reproduction potential, not actual birth rate.
• Used in ecology and population studies.
• Higher fecundity means greater ability to produce offspring.

Last verified on 01-05-2026

Explanation

• Taiga is a cold forest region in the northern hemisphere.
• The term “Taiga” is commonly used for coniferous forest zone.
• It is dominated by pine, fir, and spruce trees.
• Found in Canada, Russia, and Scandinavia.
• It is also called the boreal forest.

Last verified on 01-05-2026

Explanation

• In ecological succession, a series of communities develops step by step.
• Each intermediate community stage is called a Sere.
• A sere represents a transitional community in succession.
• The final stable stage is called the climax community.
• Succession continues until a stable ecosystem is formed.

Last verified 01-05-2026