Explanation

Year-wise Per Capita Income (Pakistan – World Bank Data)

• 2017 → 1519.2 US$
• 2018 → 1569.3 US$
• 2019 → 1390.4 US$
• 2020 → 1278.4 US$
• 2021 → 1455.3 US$
• 2022 → 1538.3 US$
• 2023 → 1365.2 US$
• 2024 → 1484.8 US$
• 2025 → 1,595.9 US$
• 2026 → US$ 1,896 – US$ 1,901

Last verified on 02-05-2026

Explanation

• A fault is a crack in Earth’s crust where rocks move.
• The line where the fault plane meets the ground surface is called the fault trace.
• It shows the visible surface expression of a fault.
• It helps geologists study earthquake zones.
• Fault trace is commonly used in structural geology.

Last verified on 02-05-2026

Explanation

• On topographical maps, small triangles represent survey control points.
• These are called trigonometrical stations (trig points).
• They are used for accurate land measurement and mapping.
• The figures written with them show height or reference data.
• They help in creating precise geographic maps.

Last verified on 02-05-2026

Explanation

• Australia is a developed country with strong industrial base.
• Its key industries include iron and steel production.
• The country is rich in iron ore and mineral resources.
• Mining supports steel and heavy industry growth.

Last verified on 02-05-2026

Explanation

• A dune is a sand hill formed by wind action.
• The steeper leeward side is called the slip face.
• It forms where sand falls after reaching the top of the dune.
• This side is steep due to gravity and sand movement.
• It is a common feature in desert geography.

Last verified on 02-05-2026

Explanation

Earth rotates 360° in 24 hours.

So, 1 hour = 15° longitude.

And 1 minute = 0.25° (15° ÷ 60).

Time difference = 2 hr 20 min.

Longitude difference = 35°.

Last verified on 02-05-2026

Explanation

• Pampas are vast natural grasslands in South America.
• They are mainly located in Argentina, Uruguay, and parts of Brazil.
• These regions are flat and highly fertile for agriculture and cattle farming.
• It is famous for livestock (especially cattle) rearing.
• It is one of the most important grassland regions in the world.

Last verified on 02-05-2026

Explanation

RF (Representative Fraction) 1:50,000 means:

1 unit on map = 50,000 units on ground

So, 1 cm on map = 50,000 cm on ground

Convert cm to meters:

100 cm = 1 meter

50,000 cm = 500 meters

Last verified on 02-05-2026

Explanation

• Pacific Ring of Fire is a major zone of volcanoes and earthquakes around the Pacific Ocean.
• It is mainly formed due to subduction zones, where one tectonic plate slides under another.
• This process creates volcanic activity and seismic earthquakes.
• It contains about 75% of the world’s active volcanoes.
• It is the most geologically active region on Earth.

Last verified on 02-05-2026

Explanation

• Shifting cultivation is also known as Milpa system in America.
• It is a farming method where land is cleared.
• It is used for a few years, then left fallow.
• Farmers grow crops like maize, beans, and squash.
• It is common in Central and South America (Mesoamerican regions).
• Soil fertility is restored naturally after shifting.

Last verified on 02-05-2026