Explanation

• Ephemeral means عارضی
• Eternal means ابدی
• Long-lasting means دیرپا
• Permanent means مستقل

Last verified on 22-02-2026

Explanation

• The Pre–World War I era (before 1914) in International Relations is mainly associated with Realism.

Additional information:

• Main Idea of Realism: States act in their own national interest and seek power.
• Key Concepts: Balance of Power, Military Strength, National Security.
• Example (Pre-WWI): Alliance systems like Triple Alliance and Triple Entente.
• After WWI: The focus shifted more toward Idealism (Wilsonian ideas, League of Nations).

Last verified on 23-02-2026

Explanation

A rectangle has 2 lines of symmetry.

These are the vertical and horizontal lines passing through its center.

• Vertical Line: Divides rectangle into two equal left and right parts.
• Horizontal Line: Divides rectangle into two equal top and bottom parts.

Last verified on 23-02-2026

Explanation

Numbers in the sequence (n): 1000 ÷ 10 = 100 terms.

Sum Formula: Sum = n/2 × First Term + Last Term

Calculation:

    Sum = 100/2 × (10 + 1000)

    Sum = 50 × 1010

    Sum = 50500

Last verified on 23-02-2026

Explanation

• The first political thinker to clearly present the theory of sovereignty and absolute royal power to control anarchy was Thomas Hobbes.

• Famous Book: Leviathan (1651).
• Main Idea: Without strong authority, society falls into a “state of nature” (war of all against all).
• Theory Type: Social Contract Theory.

Last verified on 23-02-2026

Explanation

• “The Millat and Menace of Indianism” was written by Chaudhry Rehmat Ali.

Additional information:

• Famous For: Coining the name Pakistan (1933 pamphlet “Now or Never”).
• Field: Political thinker and activist of the Pakistan Movement.
• Main Idea of Book: Criticized the concept of Indian nationalism and supported a separate Muslim homeland.
• Birth–Death: 1897 – 1951.

Last verified on 23-02-2026

Explanation

Explanation

On 15 September 2025, Arab and Muslim leaders called for a review of ties with Israel after emergency talks in Doha following last week’s deadly strike on Hamas members in the Qatari capital, Doha. 

The Arab League and Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) joint session, which brought together nearly 60 countries, sought to take firm action after Israel’s attack on Qatar-hosted Hamas officials as they discussed a Gaza ceasefire proposal.

Around 60 states participated.

It was co-sponsored by Pakistan.

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Last verified on 22-02-2026

Explanation

Formula: Remaining Amount = Initial × (1/2)ⁿ

• After 1 half-life (8 days) → 10 mg becomes 5 mg.
• After 2 half-lives (16 days) → 10 mg becomes 2.5 mg.
• After 3 half-lives (24 days) → 10 mg becomes 1.25 mg.

Last verified on 22-02-2026

Explanation

• The analogy "Filter : Water :: Censor : Play."
• Because filtering removes impurities from water.
• Just as censoring removes or restricts parts of a play.

Last verified on 22-02-2026