Explanation

• In a democratic society, the media monitors government actions to ensure transparency and accountability.
• It informs citizens about policies, corruption, and public issues.
• Acts as a bridge between the government and people.

Last verified on 10-02-2026

Explanation

• Urbanization is the process in which people move rapidly from rural areas to cities.
• It leads to city growth, development of infrastructure, and changes in lifestyle.

Additional information:

• Causes of Urbanization: Employment, education, better facilities, healthcare
• Effects: Overcrowding, pollution, economic growth, cultural changes

Last verified on 10-02-2026

Explanation

• Under the 1973 Constitution of Pakistan, the Head of Government is the Prime Minister.

Additional information:

• The President serves as the Head of State with a ceremonial role.

Last verified on 10-02-2026

Explanation

• Jamrats are the three stone pillars in Mina, Saudi Arabia.
• They represent the places where Satan tried to misguide Hazrat Ibrahim (AS) during his obedience to Allah.

Additional information:

• Ritual of Rami al-Jamarat is performed on 10–13 Dhu al-Hijjah.
• Symbolizes resisting evil and obedience to Allah.

Last verified on 10-02-2026

Explanation

• When a school boy uses only one strap, the entire weight of the bag rests on one shoulder.
• This increases pressure and strain on that shoulder compared to using two straps, where the weight is distributed evenly.

Last verified on 10-02-2026

Explanation

• Cooking utensils often have wooden handles because wood does not conduct heat well.
• This prevents burns and makes the utensil safe to hold even when the pot or pan is hot.

Last verified on 10-02-2026

Explanation

• Translatory motion is the motion in which all parts of a body move the same distance in a straight line or along a path.

Examples include:

• Linear motion – straight-line movement
• Vibrational motion – repeated back-and-forth movement along a line
• Oscillatory motion – motion to-and-fro about a fixed point

Rotatory motion involves rotation about an axis, so it is not translatory.

Last verified on 10-02-2026

Explanation

• The power of a lens (P) is given by the formula:
• P = 100/f (cm) or P = 1/f (m)
• Focal length (f) and power (P) are inversely proportional.
• So, if the focal length increases, the power decreases.

Additional information:

• Convex lens: Converging lens
• Unit of power: Diopter (D)

Last verified on 10-02-2026

Explanation

• The capsule in bacteria is an outer protective layer.
• It prevents the bacteria from being destroyed by the host immune system, increasing pathogenicity (ability to cause disease).
• Made of polysaccharides in most bacteria.

Last verified on 10-02-2026

Explanation

• Organic compounds (like hydrocarbons, sugars, fats) are highly combustible.
• This is due to their high carbon content, which releases energy when burned.
• Carbon forms stable bonds that release heat and energy during combustion.

Last verified on 10-02-2026