Explanation

• Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) is based on the mean solar time at the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, London, UK.
• The Greenwich Meridian (0° longitude) passes through Greenwich.
• The international system of standard time zones was established at the International Meridian Conference in 1884.

Last verified on 08-10-2026

Explanation

• First Viceroy of India: Lord Canning in 1858

Additional information:

• Last Viceroy of India: Lord Mountbatten in 1947
• First Governor of Bengal: Robert Clive
• First Governor-General of Bengal: Warren Hastings (1772-1785)
• First Governor-General of India: William Bentinck in 1833

Last verified on 08-10-2026

Explanation

• Takbeer-e-Tahreema is the declaration “Allahu Akbar” made at the beginning of Salah.
• It is said while raising the hands up to the ears and then bringing them down.
• After Takbeer-e-Tahreema, a person formally enters the state of Salah, and actions that invalidate prayer are avoided.
• The term Tahreem refers to making certain otherwise permissible actions prohibited during Salah.

Last verified on 08-10-2026

Explanation

• Queen Victoria became the Empress of India (Kaisar-e-Hind) in 1876.
• Although she was officially proclaimed Empress of India on January 1, 1877.
• This change in title was the result of the British government passing the Royal Titles Act.

Last verified on 08-10-2026

Explanation

• Famous field: Medicine
• His famous medical work Kitab al-Hawi (The Comprehensive Book of Medicine) was widely influential.
• He also wrote an important treatise distinguishing smallpox and measles.

Additional information:

• Full name: Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi
• Born: c. 865 CE, Rayy, Persia
• Died: c. 925 CE

Last verified on 08-10-2026

Explanation

• The Fall of Granada took place on 2 January 1492.
• Granada was the last Muslim-ruled stronghold in the Iberian Peninsula.
• The city surrendered to Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile.

Additional information:

• 1453: Fall of Constantinople
• 1487: Reconquest campaigns in the Iberian Peninsula
• 1492: Christopher Columbus reached the Americas
• 1501: Safavid dynasty established in Persia

Last verified on 08-10-2026

Explanation

• The Gulf of Mannar lies between southeastern India and western Sri Lanka.
• It is part of the Indian Ocean.
• The gulf is known for its rich marine biodiversity and coral reefs.
• The Palk Strait also separates India and Sri Lanka.
• It lies north of the Gulf of Mannar.

Additional information:

• Gulf of Aden: Yemen–Somalia
• Persian Gulf: Iran–Arabian Peninsula

Last verified on 08-10-2026

Explanation

• Copper is abundantly present in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile.
• The Atacama is one of the world's most important regions for copper mining.
• Chile is one of the world's leading copper-producing countries.
• The desert is also known for deposits of lithium, nitrate, and iodine.

Last verified on 08-10-2026

Explanation

• Winning novel: Taiwan Travelogue
• Author: Yáng Shuāng-zǐ
• Translator: Lin King
• Original language: Mandarin Chinese

Last verified on 08-10-2026

Explanation

• Country: Malaysia
• City: Kuala Lumpur
• Dates: 18–21 December 2019
• Host: Mahathir Mohamad

Last verified on 08-10-2026