Explanation

• The ideology of Pakistan is based on the Two-Nation Theory.
• It states Muslims and Hindus are separate civilizations.
• Religion, culture, and values shaped this difference.
• This idea justified the demand for a separate homeland.

Last verified on 24-05-2026

Explanation

• Muslim self-determination in South Asia was mainly driven by fear of majority rule.
• Muslims believed they could lose political rights under a Hindu-majority system.
• This concern strengthened the demand for a separate homeland.
• It became a key argument in the Pakistan Movement.

Last verified on 24-05-2026

Explanation

• In mountainous and hilly areas, heavy rainfall creates fast-flowing water channels.
• These temporary streams carry water downhill rapidly.
• They are not permanent rivers or canals.
• Such water flows are common in arid and semi-arid hills.
• In Pakistan geography, they are called hill torrents.

Last verified on 23-05-2026

Explanation

• Sardar Muhammad Daud Khan was the President of Afghanistan before 1978.
• In April 1978, a military-backed communist coup took place.
• This event is known as the Saur Revolution.
• It brought the People’s Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) to power.
• The revolution marked a major political shift in Afghanistan.

Last verified on 23-05-2026

Explanation

• The highest peak of the Hindu Kush range in Pakistan is Tirich Mir.
• It is located in the Chitral District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. 
• Elevation:  (7,708) meters (25,289) ft.

Additional information:

• Highest peak of the Himalaya range: Nanga Parbat
• Highest peak of the Karakoram range: K-2
• Highest peak of the Kirthar range: Zardak Peak
• Highest peak of the Koh-e-Suleman range: Takht-e-Sulaiman
• Highest peak of the Salt range: Sakesar

Last verified on 16-05-2026

Explanation

• The Indus River system has western and eastern tributaries.
• Western tributaries mainly include rivers coming from Afghanistan and northern mountains.
• The Upper Indus Plain includes major rivers from the western side.
• Among the options, only Kabul River is a western tributary.
• It joins the Indus near Attock in Pakistan.

Last verified on 23-05-2026

Explanation

• The All India Muslim League won 30 seats in the 1945 Legislative Elections.
• The Muslim League won all Muslim constituencies, but failed to win any other seats.
• The Indian National Congress emerged as the largest party, winning 57 of the 102 elected seats.

Last verified on 23-05-2026

Explanation

• The 1971 crisis in Pakistan was mainly triggered by the failure of political reconciliation between East and West Pakistan.
• After the 1970 elections, power transfer issues created a major political deadlock.
• This breakdown escalated tensions into a civil conflict.

Last verified on 23-05-2026

Explanation

• East Pakistan felt politically alienated mainly due to economic and resource inequality with West Pakistan.
• Most development funds and military/political power were concentrated in West Pakistan.
• This created resentment and weakened national unity.

Last verified on 23-05-2026

Explanation

• Pakistan’s seaports are strategically important due to their access to international sea trade routes.
• They connect landlocked regions and nearby countries to global markets.
• This enhances trade, shipping, and regional connectivity.

Last verified on 23-05-2026