Explanation

From Kalabagh to the Indus Delta, six major barrages are constructed on the Indus River.

1. Chashma Barrage
2. Taunsa Barrage
3. Guddu Barrage
4. Sukkur Barrage
5. Kotri Barrage
6. Jinnah Barrage

Additional information:

• The Indus River is the national river of Pakistan.
• It originates near Lake Mansarovar (Tibet region).
• Flows through India and Pakistan.
• Ends in the Arabian Sea near Thatta (delta region).
• Ancient name: Sindhu
• Total length: about 3,180 km
• Indus River system is the backbone of Pakistan’s agriculture.
• The upper Indus Plain starts near Kalabagh and ends at Mithankot.

Last verified on 07-05-2026

Explanation

• Jammu and Kashmir had a Muslim majority population.
• According to the chapter, about 77% population is Muslim.
• This demographic factor was important in the region’s historical context.

Last verified on 07-05-2026

Explanation

• The word Karakoram is a Turkic term.
• It means “black gravel” or “black stone”.
• It refers to the rocky and dark mountains of the region.
• Karakoram is a mountain range located between Pakistan and China.
• Karakoram Highway connects Pakistan and China.
• Also called the Friendship Highway.
• Passes through Khunjerab Pass.
• Length in Pakistan: about 1,300 km.
• Part of the historic Silk Route.

Last verified on 07-05-2026

Explanation

• Rural population → 63.6%
• Urban population → 36.4%
• Total population → ~207 million
• Male population → Slightly higher than female
• Growth rate → Around 2.4%

Last verified on 07-05-2026

Explanation

• The resolution refers to the Lahore Resolution (1940).
• After the speech of Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the resolution was moved.
• It demanded separate Muslim states in British India.
• The Lahore Resolution is also called the Pakistan Resolution.
• It was officially moved by A.K. Fazlul Huq (Sher-e-Bengal).

Last verified on 07-05-2026

Explanation

• Language issue was a major cause of unrest in East Pakistan.
• The demand to impose Urdu created strong resistance from Bengali speakers.
• This increased political tension and dissatisfaction.
• Pakistan had two wings (East and West Pakistan) until 1971.

Last verified on 07-05-2026

Explanation

• Power was concentrated in West Pakistan.
• East Pakistan had less political and administrative control.
• This unequal system increased mistrust and division.
• Pakistan was divided into East and West Pakistan from 1947 to 1971.
• These governance issues contributed to the separation in 1971, leading to the creation of Bangladesh.

Last verified on 07-05-2026

Explanation

• Gwadar Port is located on the Arabian Sea.
• It connects Pakistan with Central Asia, Middle East, and China.
• It plays a key role in international and regional trade.

Last verified on 07-05-2026

Explanation

• Dams in Pakistan store river water.
• They are mainly used for irrigation (farms) and hydroelectric power generation.
• They help agriculture and electricity supply at the same time.

Last verified on 07-05-2026

Explanation

• Pakistan is geographically close to Central Asian countries.
• This location increases trade and economic opportunities.
• It helps in connecting South Asia with Central Asia.

Central Asia is rich in:

• Energy resources (oil, gas)
• Trade routes

Last verified on 07-05-2026