Explanation

A community is formed when populations of different species live and interact in the same area.

It represents the biotic (living) component of an ecosystem.

Explanation

Marine biology is the branch of biology that studies organisms living in oceans and seas.

It covers marine plants, animals, and ecosystems.

Explanation

Explanation

C-4 plants (e.g., maize, sugarcane) have a special pathway that minimizes photorespiration.

This makes them more efficient in photosynthesis under high light intensity, temperature, and low CO₂ conditions.

Explanation

AIDS is caused by HIV.

It spreads through infected needles, sexual contact, and unsafe practices.

It is not transmitted by casual contact like touching or sharing food.

Explanation

Aquatic arthropods like crabs, prawns, and some aquatic insects use gills to extract oxygen from water.

Gills provide a large surface area for gas exchange in an aquatic environment.

Explanation

Geotropism is the growth response of plants toward or away from gravity.

Roots show positive geotropism (grow downward) and shoots show negative geotropism (grow upward).

Explanation

A vacuole is a sac-like organelle in cells that stores waste materials, water, and nutrients before they are removed or used by the cell.

It plays a key role in maintaining cell homeostasis.

Explanation

Pathology, Genetics, and Microbiology are biological sciences dealing with life and living organisms.

Mineralogy is a branch of geology that studies minerals, not biology.