Explanation

Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL) states that the algebraic sum of voltages around a closed loop is zero.

This is based on the principle of conservation of energy, as energy is neither created nor destroyed in the loop.

Explanation

A neutron has mass ≈ 1.675 × 10⁻²⁷ kg, very close to a proton’s mass.

An electron is much lighter (≈ 1/1836 of a proton), so not comparable.

Explanation

Velocity SI units: meters per second (m/s or m·s⁻¹).

This unit is derived from the SI units for displacement (meter) and time (second),

Velocity is defined as the rate of change of displacement over time (displacement/time). 

Explanation

pH is calculated as pH = -log[H⁺].

For [H⁺] = 1 × 10⁻⁷ M, pH = 7 → the solution is neutral.

Explanation

• An exothermic reaction releases energy into the surroundings as heat or light.
• Heat released: Energy moves outward.
• Surroundings warm: Temperature rises.
• Negative enthalpy: Delta H < 0
• Lower product energy: Reactants hold more energy.

Additional information:

• In an endothermic reaction, heat is absorbed from the surroundings.
• Examples include photosynthesis and melting of ice.

Explanation

Explanation

Biotic components are the living organisms in an ecosystem, including plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms.

They interact with each other and with abiotic components (like water, soil, air) to sustain the ecosystem.

Explanation

Angiosperms are flowering plants that produce seeds enclosed within a carpel/fruit.

In contrast, gymnosperms have naked seeds not enclosed by a fruit.

Explanation

Fungicides are chemicals used to control fungal infections in crops.

Herbicides target weeds.

Insecticides target insects.

Explanation

AIDS is caused by HIV.

It spreads through infected needles, sexual contact, and unsafe practices.

It is not transmitted by casual contact like touching or sharing food.