Explanation

• The Indus Water Treaty (1960) was signed between Pakistan and India to share the Indus River system.
  • Pakistan got control of the western rivers: Indus, Jhelum, and Chenab.
  • India got control of the eastern rivers: Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej.

Last verified on 08-03-2026

Explanation

• Muhammad Ali Jinnah’s 14 Points (1929) were guidelines to protect Muslim political and religious rights in India.
  • They proposed proportional representation, provincial autonomy, separate electorates, and full religious freedom.
  • Joint electorate was not included; he demanded separate electorates for Muslims to safeguard their political voice.

Last verified on 08-03-2026

Explanation

• Iodine deficiency can cause mental retardation in children.
• Particularly if the deficiency occurs during fetal development or early childhood.
• This is because iodine is essential for brain development and thyroid function.

Last verified on 08-03-2026

Explanation

• Peanuts are a legume and a good source of protein,
• It containing about 20.5 grams of protein per 100 grams.

Additional information:

• Apples: 0.3 grams of protein per medium-sized fruit
• Watermelon: 0.6 grams of protein per cup
• Mango: 1.4 grams of protein per cup

Last verified on 08-03-2026

Explanation

• Weight depends on gravitational force acting on mass.
• The Moon’s gravity is about 1/6th of Earth’s, so your weight decreases.
• Your mass remains the same, only weight changes.

Additional information:

• Weight change occurs due to difference in gravity.
• Mass is constant everywhere in the universe.

Last verified on 08-03-2026

Explanation

• Weight is the force of gravity acting on an object's mass.
• It depends on mass of the object and gravitational acceleration (g).
• Formula: Weight (W) = Mass × Gravity (W = m × g)

Additional information:

• Earth: g ≈ 9.8 m/s²
• Moon: g ≈ 1.6 m/s² (weight is less)

Last verified on 08-03-2026

Explanation

• Frictional force arises when two surfaces slide or move against each other.
  • It opposes the motion and can generate heat.
  • Friction is essential in walking, driving, and machine operation.

Last verified on 08-03-2026

Explanation

• A diluted solution has a low ratio of solute to solvent, meaning it contains less solute.
• It is the opposite of a concentrated solution, which has more solute.
• Diluted solutions are often used when a weaker solution is needed.

Last verified on 08-03-2026

Explanation

• Paper Chromatography is a method used to separate and identify colored substances, especially dyes in a mixture.
• It works based on different rates of movement of substances through absorbent paper with a solvent.

Additional information:

• Filtration – separates solids from liquids.
• Sublimation – separates a solid that sublimes from a mixture.
• Distillation – separates liquids based on boiling points.

Last verified on 08-03-2026

Explanation

• A molecule is the smallest particle of a compound that retains the chemical properties of that compound.
• It is made up of two or more atoms chemically bonded together.
• Molecules can be elements (O₂, N₂) or compounds (H₂O, CO₂).

Last verified on 08-02-2026