LECTURER ENGLISH PAST PAPER 04-06-2023 BY SPSC
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چار آپشن میں سے کسی ایک پر کلک کرنے سے جواب سرخ ہو جائے گا۔
Pidgin
Lingua Franca
Creole
None of these
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Explanation
Pidgin is a simplified language that develops as a means of communication between groups with no common language, typically for trade or other specific needs. It usually has a limited vocabulary and simplified grammar compared to fully developed languages.
Transformational Grammar
Universal Grammar
Syntax
None of these
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Explanation
Universal Grammar refers to the theory that certain grammatical structures are shared by all languages and are innate to human beings. It suggests that humans are born with an inherent ability to acquire language , and these universal structures form the basis for all languages.
Psycho-linguistics
Socio-linguistics
Applied linguistics
None of these
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Explanation
Psycho-linguistics studies the mental processes involved in language acquisition, storage, and processing in the brain. It focuses on how individuals learn, comprehend, and produce language, examining both cognitive and neural mechanisms.
Noam Chomsky
Leonard Bloomfield
Charles Sanders Peirce
None of these
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Explanation
Chomsky introduced the concepts of " competence " and " performance ," which parallel Saussure’s " langue " and "parole." " Competence " refers to an idealized knowledge of language, while " performance " is its actual use in speech.
Semi-vowels
Diphthongs
Triphthongs
None of these
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Explanation
Diphthongs are vowel sounds that begin with one vowel position and smoothly transition to another within the same syllable (e.g., "coin," "loud"). They differ from monophthongs , which have a single, unchanging vowel sound.
Derivation
Compounding
Portmanteau
None of these
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Explanation
Derivation forms new words by adding prefixes or suffixes (e.g., happy → unhappy, teach → teacher ). It differs from compounding , which combines whole words (e.g., sunflower, notebook ).
Regressive
Reciprocal
Progressive
None of these
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Explanation
In progressive assimilation, the preceding sound affects the following sound. It contrasts with regressive assimilation , where the later sound influences the earlier one.
Diachronic
Synchronic
Idiosyncrasy
None of these
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Explanation
Diachronic linguistics studies language evolution over time. It contrasts with synchronic linguistics , which examines language at a specific moment.
Suffixes
Syllabic consonants
Sibilants
None of the above
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Explanation
Syllabic consonants act as the nucleus of a syllable without needing a vowel (e.g., "bottle" /l̩/ ). Common examples include /l̩/, /n̩/, and /m̩/ in unstressed syllables.
Metalanguage
Protolanguage
Paralanguage
None of these
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Explanation
Paralanguage includes non-verbal elements like tone, pitch, and gestures in communication. It helps convey emotions and meaning beyond spoken words.
