Explanation

• In the ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit), arithmetic and logical operations required during instruction execution are performed.
• ALU performs arithmetic operations such as addition and subtraction.
• It also performs logical and comparison operations.

Additional information:

• The Control Unit (CU) directs and coordinates the execution of instructions.
• Main Memory stores programs and data currently being used.
• The CPU consists mainly of the ALU, Control Unit, and registers.

Last verified on 10-08-2026

Explanation

• A collection of system programs that controls and coordinates the overall operations of a computer system is called an Operating System.
• An Operating System (OS) manages the computer’s hardware and software resources.
• It controls CPU, memory, files, input/output devices, and running programs.
• It provides an interface between the user and computer hardware.
• Examples include Windows, Linux, macOS, Android, and iOS.

Last verified on 10-08-2026

Explanation

• Application software is designed to help users perform specific tasks.
• Examples include MS Word, MS Excel, PowerPoint, web browsers, and media players.

Additional information:

• Operating systems manage computer hardware and provide a platform for applications.
• System software controls and manages the computer system.

Last verified on 10-08-2026

Explanation

• Topology in networking refers to the physical or logical arrangement of connected devices and their communication links in a network.
• Network topology describes how computers, devices, and network connections are arranged.
• Common topologies include Star, Bus, Ring, Mesh, and Tree.

Additional information:

• Star topology: Devices connect to a central hub or switch.
• Ring topology: Devices are connected in a circular arrangement.
• Mesh topology: Devices have multiple connections, providing high reliability.

Last verified on 10-08-2026

Explanation

• The language that the computer can understand and execute directly is called Machine Language.
• Machine language consists of instructions in binary digits (0s and 1s).
• It is the lowest-level programming language.
• It is directly understood by the CPU.
• Assembly language uses mnemonics and must be translated by an assembler.

Last verified on 10-08-2026

Explanation

• Assembly language is a low-level language that is closely related to the computer's machine language.
• It uses mnemonics such as MOV, ADD, and SUB instead of binary instructions.
• An assembler converts assembly language into machine code.

Additional information:

• BASIC, COBOL, and FORTRAN are generally classified as high-level languages.
• C and C++ are generally classified as high-level languages, although they provide low-level programming capabilities.

Last verified on 10-08-2026

Explanation

• The combination of keys used for restarting the computer is Ctrl + Alt + Delete.

Additional information:

• Alt + F4: Opens the shutdown dialog from the desktop.
• Windows + X: Opens the Quick Link menu.
• Restart: Closes the current Windows session and starts it again.
• Shut Down: Completely turns off the computer.

Last verified on 10-09-2026

Explanation

• Keyboard is not software; it is a hardware device used for input.
• Software refers to programs that run on a computer.
• Operating System, Drivers, and Word Processor are all software types.
• Hardware includes physical components you can touch.
• Keyboard is used to enter data into the computer.

Last verified on 08-06-2026

Explanation

• A standard single-sided, single-layer DVD holds 4.7 GB of data.
• A double-layer DVD can store up to 9.4 GB.
• A single-layer HD-DVD holds 15 GB of data.
• A dual-layer HD-DVD provides up to 30 GB of storage capacity.

Last verified on 10-08-2026

Explanation

• GUI stands for Graphical User Interface.
• It uses icons, windows, and menus for interaction.
• It is easier to use than command-based interfaces.
• MS-DOS and Apple DOS are command-line interfaces.

Last verified on 11-04-2026