Explanation

The sun is visible a little before it rises and a little after it sets because of atmospheric refraction.

Refraction is the phenomenon that occurs when light changes direction as it passes from one transparent medium to another.

Explanation

Newton's Third Law of Motion states: "For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction."

From this law, we can infer:

1. Statement 1: For every interaction, there is a pair of forces acting on the two interacting objects. (TRUE)
2. Statement 2: The magnitude of the force on the first object equals the magnitude of the force on the second object. (TRUE)
3. Statement 3: Forces always come in pairs - equal and opposite action-reaction force pairs. (TRUE)
4. Statement 4: Action and its reaction act on two same bodies. (FALSE - Action and reaction forces act on different bodies)
5. Statement 5: Action and its reaction act on two different bodies. (TRUE)

So, all statements except Statement 4 can be inferred from Newton's Third Law of Motion.

Explanation

AIDS is a pandemic disease caused by the infection of (HIV), which damages the human immune system.

World AIDS Day is observed on 1 December since 1988.

Theme 2023: Let communities lead

Theme 2024: Take the rights path: My health, my right!

Theme 2025: Overcoming disruption, transforming the AIDS response

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Explanation

These are names of parliaments in different countries:

• Tsogdu (Mongolia),
• Folketing (Denmark),
• Hrvatski (Croatia),
• Yuan (China),
• Storting (Norway).

Explanation

Explanation

Nihon Hidankyo is honoured with the 2024 Nobel Peace Prize.

This is an organization of Japan. 

Awarded for its efforts to achieve a world free of nuclear weapons through witness testimony that nuclear weapons must never be used again. 

Additional Information:

The 2023 Nobel Peace Prize is awarded to Narges Mohammadi 

She is a human rights activist from Iran

Explanation

The South Asian Preferential Trading Arrangement (SAPTA) was replaced by the South Asian Free Trade Area (SAFTA).

SAPTA:

An earlier preferential trading arrangement signed in 1993 that provided limited tariff reductions among SAARC nations.

SAFTA:

A comprehensive agreement signed in 2004 and implemented in 2006 that aims to eliminate barriers and liberalize trade among member countries, superseding SAPTA. 

Explanation

About BRICS summit 2024

Edition: 16th 

Starting date: 22 Oct 2024

Closing date: 24 Oct 2024

Venue: Kazan, Russia 

Additional Information 

BRICS founded: June 2009

BRICS Member countries: Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates

BRICS total members: 10 

South Africa joined BRICS: 2010

BRICS headquarters: Shanghai, China

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Explanation

In May 2024, the Brazilian and Chinese governments proposed a six-point plan: Non-escalation.

Non-escalation, direct negotiation, an international peace conference accepted by both Russia and Ukraine, and discussion of all peace plans.

Humanitarian assistance, exchange of prisoners of war, no attacks on civilians.

Explanation

The COP-26 Climate Conference held in Glasgow focused on several key declarations:

1. Urgent need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions: A commitment to limit global warming to 1.5°C by significantly cutting emissions.
2. Launch of new initiatives and sector deals: Including efforts to phase out coal, curb methane emissions, and promote clean energy solutions.
3. Finalization of rules: Countries agreed on transparency rules for reporting emissions and mechanisms for international carbon trading.