Explanation

• Vitamin A is essential for vision, skin health, and immune function.
• Its deficiency can lead to night blindness (poor ight vision) and other health problems.

Additional information:

• Dry skin and eyes
• Impaired immune function
• Poor wound healing
• Increased risk of respiratory and urinary tract infections

Last verified on 17-01-2026

Explanation

• Calcium phosphate, specifically hydroxyapatite, is the main component of bones and teeth.
• It is a calcium salt of phosphoric acid.
• It is the primary mineral constituent of bone tissue, making up about 70-80% of bone dry weight.
• Calcium phosphate gives bones and teeth their strength and rigidity.

Last verified on 31-03-2026

Explanation

• Abbreviation: AIIB (Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank)
• Founded: 16 January 2016
• Founder Nation: China
• Headquarters: Beijing, China
• Region Served: Asia and Oceania
• Members: About 106 member states

Last verified on 10-03-2026

Explanation

• Double landlocked means a land-locked country that is also surrounded by landlocked neighboring countries.
• Uzbekistan is bordered by Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan.
• Liechtenstein bordered by Austria and Switzerland.

Last verified on 09-03-2026

Explanation

Annalena Baerbock has been elected as the president of 80th session of the UNGA.

She assumed office in September 2025.

She is the former foreign Minister of Germany. 

She is first woman to hold this office.

She has also become the youngest UNGA president at the age of 44.

She is replacing Philemon Yang of Cameroon.

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Updated & verified on 08-02-2026

Explanation

• Sunlight is a good source of vitamin D.
• When our skin is exposed to sunlight, it produces vitamin D, 
• It is essential for bone health, immune function, and the regulation of calcium levels in the blood.
• Deficiency of Vitamin D results in Rickets.

Explanation

• Refrigerants are gases used in refrigerators to absorb heat and provide cooling.
• Freon (CFCs) and ammonia are commonly used in domestic and commercial refrigeration.
• They evaporate at low temperatures, absorbing heat from the fridge interior.
  

Last verified on 03-02-2026

Explanation

• Captain Muhammad Sarwar Shaheed was the first soldier to be awarded the Nishan-e-Haider
• Born: 10 November 1910, Singhori village, Rawalpindi District
• Died: 27 July 1948 (aged 37), Uri, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
• Buried: Hill of Tilpatra near Uri, Jammu and Kashmir in India
• Service years: 1929–1948
• Allegiance
• British India (1929–1947)
• Pakistan (1947–1948)

Nishan-e-Haider has been awarded to 11 soldiers since Pakistan's independence in 1947.

1. Captain Muhammad Sarwar (1948, Kashmir)
2. Naik Saif Ali Janjua (1948, Kashmir)
3. Major Tufail Muhammad (1958, East Pakistan)
4. Major Raja Aziz Bhatti (1965, Indo-Pak War)
5. Pilot Officer Rashid Minhas (1971, Indo-Pak War)
6. Major Muhammad Akram (1971, Indo-Pak War)
7. Major Shabbir Sharif (1971, Indo-Pak War)
8. Sowar Muhammad Hussain (1971, Indo-Pak War)
9. Lance Naik Muhammad Mahfuz (1971, Indo-Pak War)
10. Captain Karnal Sher Khan (1999, Kargil War)
11. Havildar Lalak Jan (1999, Kargil War)

Explanation

• The capital of Ukraine is officially Kyiv
• Currency is Hryvnia.
• Official language is Ukrainian and Russian.
• Located in the continent of Europe.
• Primary religion is Eastern Orthodoxy.
• The Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine is the unicameral parliament of Ukraine.

Explanation

The outermost layer of the Sun is called the corona.

It is the Sun's outer atmosphere, extending millions of kilometers into space and visible during a total solar eclipse.

The innermost layer is the core, where nuclear fusion occurs.