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Explanation

• Queen Victoria became the Empress of India (Kaisar-e-Hind) in 1876.
• Although she was officially proclaimed Empress of India on January 1, 1877.
• This change in title was the result of the British government passing the Royal Titles Act.

Last verified on 08-10-2026

Explanation

• Famous field: Medicine
• His famous medical work Kitab al-Hawi (The Comprehensive Book of Medicine) was widely influential.
• He also wrote an important treatise distinguishing smallpox and measles.

Additional information:

• Full name: Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Zakariya al-Razi
• Born: c. 865 CE, Rayy, Persia
• Died: c. 925 CE

Last verified on 08-10-2026

Explanation

• The Fall of Granada took place on 2 January 1492.
• Granada was the last Muslim-ruled stronghold in the Iberian Peninsula.
• The city surrendered to Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile.

Additional information:

• 1453: Fall of Constantinople
• 1487: Reconquest campaigns in the Iberian Peninsula
• 1492: Christopher Columbus reached the Americas
• 1501: Safavid dynasty established in Persia

Last verified on 08-10-2026

Explanation

• The Gulf of Mannar lies between southeastern India and western Sri Lanka.
• It is part of the Indian Ocean.
• The gulf is known for its rich marine biodiversity and coral reefs.
• The Palk Strait also separates India and Sri Lanka.
• It lies north of the Gulf of Mannar.

Additional information:

• Gulf of Aden: Yemen–Somalia
• Persian Gulf: Iran–Arabian Peninsula

Last verified on 08-10-2026

Explanation

• Copper is abundantly present in the Atacama Desert of northern Chile.
• The Atacama is one of the world's most important regions for copper mining.
• Chile is one of the world's leading copper-producing countries.
• The desert is also known for deposits of lithium, nitrate, and iodine.

Last verified on 08-10-2026

Explanation

• Winning novel: Taiwan Travelogue
• Author: Yáng Shuāng-zǐ
• Translator: Lin King
• Original language: Mandarin Chinese

Last verified on 08-10-2026

Explanation

• Country: Malaysia
• City: Kuala Lumpur
• Dates: 18–21 December 2019
• Host: Mahathir Mohamad

Last verified on 08-10-2026

Explanation

• Silicon Valley is widely recognized as a major global center of innovation and technology.
• It is located in California, USA.
• It is mainly in the southern San Francisco Bay Area.
• It is home to many major technology companies and startups.
• The region is particularly known for technology, software, entrepreneurship, and innovation.

Last verified on 08-10-2026

Explanation

• Comets are small celestial bodies mainly composed of ice, dust, and rocky material.
• They travel around the Sun in highly elliptical or elongated orbits.
• Halley’s Comet, which returns approximately every 76 years.

Additional information:

• Asteroids: Mainly rocky or metallic bodies.
• Meteoroids: Small pieces of rock or metal moving through space.

Last verified on 05-10-2026

Explanation

• The One Unit scheme was dissolved on 1 July 1970 under General Yahya Khan.
• The Legal Framework Order (LFO) 1970 ended the One Unit system and restored the provinces of West Pakistan.

Additional information:

• The scheme was presented by Prime Minister Muhammad Ali Bogra in 1954.
• The One Unit scheme was introduced to merge the provinces and areas of West Pakistan into one province.
• It was approved on 30 September 1955 and came into effect on 14 October 1955.

The four major provinces merged into West Pakistan were:

1. West Punjab
2. Sindh
3. NWFP (now Khyber Pakhtunkhwa)
4. Balochistan

Last verified on 08-10-2026