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Explanation

• Dew point temperature is the temperature at which air becomes saturated when cooled at constant pressure without changing its water-vapour content.
• At the dew point, actual vapour pressure equals saturated vapour pressure, and condensation begins if cooling continues.

Last verified on 16-10-2026

Explanation

• Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins.
• Proteins are formed when amino acids join together by peptide bonds.
• Proteins are essential for growth, repair, and body functions.
• There are 20 standard amino acids used to make proteins.

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Explanation

• Apple is a deciduous fruit tree. 
• It sheds its leaves during autumn as it enters winter dormancy.
• Other examples include pear, peach, and plum trees.

Last verified on 16-10-2026

Explanation

• In chain surveying, the area is divided into a framework of triangles.
• Because triangles are simple to measure and plot accurately.
• The preferred method is triangulation, using measured survey lines and offsets to locate details.
• Well-conditioned triangles, ideally with angles between 30∘ and 120∘, help reduce measurement errors.

Last verified on 16-10-2026

Explanation

• Nematicide seed treatment: Appropriate nematicides can protect seedlings against certain plant-parasitic nematodes when the product is registered for the crop and target pest.
• Crop rotation: Growing non-host crops can reduce nematode populations in the soil.
• Resistant varieties: Planting resistant soybean varieties is an effective method of managing specific nematode species.

Last verified on 16-10-2026

Explanation

• The total depth of water needed by a crop during its entire growth period.
• It ensures the crop receives enough water for optimal growth from sowing to harvest.
• This total water requirement is called Delta.

Additional information:

• Delta varies depending on crop type, climate, and soil texture.
• It is measured in millimeters or cubic meters per hectare.

Last verified on 24-01-2026

Explanation

• Bar harrow: Used for shallow tillage and can uproot or dislodge weeds, helping to control them in agricultural fields.

Additional information:

• Rotavator: Breaks soil clods and prepares a fine seedbed; it can also incorporate weeds into the soil.
• Plank: Used mainly for levelling soil and pressing it lightly after tillage.
• Disc plough: Used for primary tillage, cutting and turning soil.

Last verified on 16-10-2026

Explanation

• Iron (Fe) is an immobile or poorly mobile nutrient in plants.
• Its deficiency commonly causes interveinal chlorosis (yellowing between the veins) in young leaves.

Additional information:

• Iron is a micronutrient required for chlorophyll formation and several plant enzyme processes.
• Iron deficiency is common in calcareous soils, where high soil pH reduces iron availability.

Last verified on 16-10-2026

Explanation

• Potato (Solanum tuberosum) belongs to the Solanaceae family.
• It is commonly known as the nightshade family.
• This family includes tomato, eggplant (brinjal), chilli, and tobacco.
• The edible part of the potato is a modified underground stem called a tuber.

Additional information:

• Fabaceae: Pea, bean, and lentil family.
• Poaceae: Grass family, including wheat, rice, and maize.

Last verified on 16-10-2026

Explanation

• Cotton is a fibre crop grown mainly for the natural fibre obtained from its seeds.
• It is used to manufacture textiles and clothing.
• Cottonseed is also used to produce cottonseed oil and animal feed.
• In Pakistan, cotton is an important cash crop.
• It is a major raw material for the textile industry.

Additional information:

• Scientific name: Gossypium
• Crop season: Kharif

Last verified on 16-10-2026