Explanation

Permanent members of the UN Security Council are 5

1. France
2. China
3. UK
4. USA 
5. Russia

• The Security Council consists of 10 non-permanent members elected by the General Assembly for a term of two years.

• total UNO Member 193

  Headquarters: New York, United States

  Founded: October 24, 1945

  Pakistan has become a non-permanent member of the Security Council seven Times:-

  1.      1952-1953,

  2.      1968-1969,

  3.      1976-1977,

  4.      1983-1984,

  5.      1993-1994,

  6.      2003-2004,

  7.       2012-2013

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Explanation

Explanation

Kashmir Black Day is observed annually on 27 October.

It commemorates 27 October 1947, when Indian forces entered Kashmir.

The day has increased significance following the 5 August 2019, revocation of Article 370 by India. 

Explanation

The Horn of Africa is located in the northeastern part of the African continent

It is also known as the Somali Peninsula

It is the fourth-largest peninsula in the world. 

Area: 1.883 million km²

It consists of the internationally recognized countries of:

• Djibouti
• Eritrea
• Ethiopia
• Somalia

Explanation

The highest battlefield in the world is the Siachen Glacier

A military dispute between India and Pakistan began on April 13, 1984.

It has an average altitude of about 6,000 meters (20,000 feet).

It is also known as the Siachen Glacier conflict.

It is located in the Karakoram range in Kashmir.

Explanation

• Artist: Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519)
• Painting Period: 1503–1519
• Origin: Italy
• Current Location: Louvre Museum, Paris, France
• Famous Features: Mysterious smile, sfumato technique, widely copied and recognized globally

Last verified on 18-01-2026

Explanation

• Date of Incident: 1 May 1960
• Location: Sverdlovsk region, Soviet Union
• Pilot: Francis Gary Powers (captured by USSR)
• Plane Altitude: Approximately 70,000 feet (21,300 meters)
• Impact on US-Soviet Relations: Cancelled the Paris Summit of 1960

Additional information:

• Francis Gary Powers was later exchanged for Soviet spy Rudolf Abel in 1962.

Last verified on 18-01-2026

Explanation

The Treaty on European Union, commonly known as the Maastricht Treaty

It is the foundation treaty of the European Union (EU)

Signed: February 7, 1992, in Maastricht, Netherlands.

Entered into Force: November 1, 1993.

Member states (27)

Explanation

• Observed on: 10 December
  • UDHR adopted: 10 December 1948
  • Organization: United Nations (UN)

Last verified on 16-01-2026

Explanation

• Author: Ayesha Jalal
  • Publication Date: 18 April 1985
  • Topic: Muslim League, Pakistan movement, and leadership politics
  • Language: English