Explanation

• Holy Quran is the word of Allah revealed to Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).
• Reading every word is considered an act of worship (Ibadah).
• Written in Arabic, it guides faith, morality, and law.

Additional information:

• Memorizing Quran is called Hifz, highly rewarded in Islam.
• Divided into 114 chapters (Surahs) and 6,666 verses (Ayahs).

Last verified on 07-02-2026

Explanation

• Instrumental error occurs when measuring devices give consistently higher or lower readings.
• All measurements are systematically off by a fixed amount.
• Caused by faulty instruments, calibration issues, or worn-out equipment.
• Can be corrected by calibrating instruments.

Last verified on 07-02-2026

Explanation

Scalar quantities are physical quantities that have only magnitude (amount or size) but no direction.

Examples of scalar quantities include:

• Mass
• Temperature
• Time
• Energy
• Distance

Last verified on 07-02-2026

Explanation

• Stomata are small openings on leaf surfaces for gas exchange.
• Present more on the lower side to reduce water loss (transpiration).
• Helps plants retain moisture while still taking in CO₂ for photosynthesis.
• Upper side has fewer stomata to avoid direct sun exposure.
• Found in most dicot leaves.

Last verified on 07-02-2026

Explanation

• Freezing water into ice shows matter can change from one state to another.
• Water (liquid) becomes ice (solid) without changing its chemical composition.
• This is a physical change.
• Matter retains its properties but changes form/shape.
• Similar examples: melting, evaporation, condensation.

Last verified on 07-02-2026

Explanation

A nucleotide, the building block of DNA and RNA.

It consists of three components:

1. A phosphate group (phosphate)
2. A sugar molecule (deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA)
3. One of four nitrogenous bases (Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Thymine in DNA; Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Uracil in RNA)

Last verified on 07-02-2026

Explanation

• The mucus lining of the stomach protects it from acidic gastric juice.
• Damage leads to stomach ulcers or irritation.
• Main symptom: burning sensation (heartburn).
• Can cause pain, nausea, or indigestion.
• Often caused by excess acid, infection (H. pylori), or NSAIDs.

Last verified on 07-02-2026

Explanation

• Flame cells are specialized excretory organs in flatworms (Planaria (Platyhelminthes)
  • They remove waste and excess water from the body.
  • Called “flame cells” because cilia inside them flicker like a flame.
  • Part of the protonephridial system in invertebrates.

Last verified on 07-02-2026

Explanation

• In a solution, the solute is the substance present in a smaller amount.
• It dissolves in the solvent to form a uniform mixture.
• The solvent is present in larger quantity.
• Examples: Salt in saltwater, sugar in tea.
• Solute can be solid, liquid, or gas.

Last verified on 07-02-2026

Explanation

• Mitosis is the process where a cell divides to produce two identical daughter cells.
• Each daughter cell has the same number of chromosomes as the parent.
• Essential for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction.
• Does not reduce chromosome number (unlike meiosis).
• Occurs in somatic (body) cells.

Last verified on 07-02-2026