Explanation

• Location: Back of the brain
• Primary Function: Responsible for processing visual information
• Effect of Damage: Leads to partial or complete loss of vision, visual hallucinations, or difficulty recognizing objects

Last verified on 08-02-2026

Explanation

• Cause: Primarily due to excess greenhouse gases like CO₂, CH₄, and N₂O from human activities.
• Effects: Rising temperatures, melting glaciers, extreme weather, and sea-level rise.

Last verified on 08-02-2026

Explanation

• OPEC Full Form: Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries
  • Founded: 14 September 1960, Baghdad
  • Headquarters: Vienna, Austria
  • Members: 15 member countries
  • Purpose: Coordinates oil production policies among member countries to stabilize global oil markets

Last verified on 08-02-2026

Explanation

• Headquarters: Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
• Launch Date: 9 July 2002, Durban, South Africa
• Members: 55 member states, 9 observer states
• Purpose: Replaced the Organisation of African Unity (OAU) to promote unity, development, and peace in Africa

Additional information:

• OAU Background: Established on 25 May 1963 in Addis Ababa by 32 signatory governments
• OAU Disbanded: 9 July 2002

Last verified on 08-02-2026

Explanation

• BRICS Full Form: Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa (original)
• Belgium and Japan are not members of this bloc.
• Founded: June 2009
• First Conference Hosted By: Russia (2009)
• Headquarters: Shanghai, China (New Development Bank)
• Purpose: Economic cooperation, trade, development, and global influence

Last verified on 08-02-2026

Explanation

WTO (World Trade Organization) was established on 1 January 1995.

It succeeded GATT.

Pakistan joined WTO on 1 January 1995.

Additional information:

• Members: 164
• Headquarters: Geneva, Switzerland
• Official Languages: English, French, Spanish

Objectives:

• Protect Intellectual Property Rights
• Promote Free Trade
• Remove Trade Quotas

Last verified on 08-02-2026

Explanation

• The ongoing armed conflict in Europe is between Russia and Ukraine.
• It escalated in 2022 after Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.
• The war involves conventional battles, air strikes, and cyber warfare.
• Major affected areas include Donetsk, Luhansk, and Kyiv regions.

Last verified on 08-02-2026

Explanation

• In 2026, Pakistan experienced unusually cold winter due to the La Niña climate pattern.
• It cools global temperatures by shifting ocean currents in the Pacific.
• La Niña often brings heavy rainfall and snow in some regions while causing colder winters in South Asia.

Last verified on 08-02-2026

Explanation

• In late December 2025, Pakistan’s National Assembly Speaker Ayaz Sadiq met Indian External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar in Bangladesh.
• The meeting included an unexpected diplomatic handshake that drew media attention.
• It occurred during the SAARC parliamentary assembly in Dhaka, fostering regional dialogue.

Last verified on 08-02-2026

Explanation

• In 2025, severe monsoon floods in Pakistan displaced over 2 million people, mostly in Punjab.
• Flooding occurred in late August – early September.
• Rivers Ravi, Sutlej, Chenab overflowed due to heavy rains and dam releases from India.
• Major affected areas: Lahore, Narowal, Kasur, Sialkot, Multan.

Last verified on 08-02-2026